The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of alternatives of growth promotors   on the performance and intestine morphology of broiler chickens.A total of 480   one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308 strain) with the same average weight were used in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 6 replicates and 10 chick   per replicate. Experimental treatments including 1)negative   control (without additives), 2) positive controlbacitracin (antibiotic), 3) acidifier Parsid Plus in the amount of 1.5 g per Kg of feed, 4) acidifier Parsid Plus in the amount of 3 g per Kg of feed, 5) Novi Herb Plus in the amount of 0.75   grams per kg of feed, 6) Novi Herb Plus in the amount of 1/5   g per kg of feed, 7) Novi Herbin the amount of 750 grams per kg of feed, and 8) Novi Herb in the amount of 1.5 g per kg of feed. The results showed that in the first week of rearing, the birds that received the treatments containing Parasid Plus (3 g/kg) and New Herb and New Herb Plus had less feed consumption compared to the control group (P<0.01), In the entire rearing period (1-42 days), the addition of the antibiotic Bacitracin, New Herb (0.75 g/kg) and New Herb Plus (0.75 g/kg) led to a significant decrease in feed consumption (0.05 >P), other experimental treatments had no significant effect. Examining the body weight gain data showed that the use mode additives did not cause a significant change in body weight in the first week and the initial period. In the whole period (1-42 days), the treatment of 1.5 g/kg of new herb significantly increased the weight gain compared to the control and positive control (antibiotic) (P < 0.01). In the entire rearing period (1-42 days), the addition of New Herb and New Herb Plus at the level of 0.75 g/kg led to a significant improvement in the food conversion ratio compared to the negative control group (without addition) (P<0.05). The evaluation of the height of the jejunum villi showed that the addition of 1.5 g/kg New Herb Plus, 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg New Herb to the diet significantly increased the villus height compared to the negative and positive control (>0.05). ) The ratio of villus length to crypt depth in chickens fed with levels of 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg New Herb or New Herb Plus increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). In general, the results of this experiment showed that the addition of Parsid Plus compound (butyric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and citric acid) along with their salts along with cinnamon essential oil) did not have a significant effect on the functional and morphological parameters of the intestine, But New Herb compounds (containing essential oils of oregano, thyme, zenyan in nanoencapsulated form) and New Herb Plus (containing microcapsulated essential oils (zenyan, thyme, peppermint), prebiotics (lactose + yeast cell wall), organic acids ( lactic acid and formic acid) and some plant compounds including turmeric powder, garlic and cinnamon) can improve the height of the villus and the ratio of villus elevation to the depth of the crypt. be effective on the growth and improvement of the food conversion factor.

      Determining changes in underground water reserves,especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a vital issue for managing and planning underground water resources.GRACE sateiiite produces changes in water storage with a spatial resolution of 1degree by using the changes in the earth`s gravity field.In this research,it was tried in two cells of one square degree of Kurdistan province (Dehgolan and Qorveh plains and bijar plains), along the geography of 47 to 48 degrees east,which include a part of the total ares of the aquifer.Using the data of two   data processing centers of GRACE satellite named JPL and CSR ,the changes of monthly underground water level in the period of August 2002 to june 2022 have been evaluated.Using the values of ground water availability (TWS) produced from GRACE satellite data,snow equivalent water and water stored in the canopy of plants extracted from the GLDAS model , which has a spatial resolution of 1 resolutio   of   1 degree and Monthly statements are provided.to estimate the monthly changes in the underground water ievel.Also , an estimate of the monthly changes in the GLDA   model was obtained at a resolution of 0.25 degree in order to compare with the results of the GRACE satellite data.Monthly observation data from piezometric wells of the study area , which were used to validate the resultsThe results show that ,except for a few months, in most of the study period ,the estimation made by all the data of different GRACE processing centers is more than the values obtained from the observational piezometric weel data.It should be noted that values estimated by the GLDAS model show a more suitable estimate compared to the GRACE, data compared to the observational data.Also, based on the MAE and RMSE statistical indicators, it can be concluded that the data produced in the GLDAS model is a more accurate estimate and closer to the reality than the data of piezometric wells and the CSR processing center of the GRACE satellite.

  The phenomenon of climate change can have many negative effects on various systems including water resources, environment, industry, health, agriculture and all systems that interact with the climate system, among which the resource system Water is one of the main ones. The phenomenon of climate change in recent years has led to a significant change in meteorological elements and as a result the condition of surface and underground resources in different places. On the other hand, the three sources of water, energy, and food are the three basic sources for human health, poverty reduction, and sustainable development, and they are among the most important sources in agriculture that both affect climate change and are affected by it, and are strongly dependent on each other. All three resources are very scarce and billions of people in the world do not have access to them, and the demand for all three resources is growing. Therefore, any action towards sustainability should consider the interaction and integration of these three sources in order to achieve sustainable development. According to these conditions, achieving sustainable management of available resources in agriculture in an effective and coordinated manner is a challenging issue. Therefore, if it is possible to increase the efficiency of water and energy to supply food, the emission of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution will also decrease, and after that, we can take steps towards sustainable development. In other words, if an approach towards the integrated management of three sources of water, energy and food is considered, both environmental pollution will be reduced and sustainable agriculture and sustainable development will happen. will follow; Because despite the interactions between these three sources and sustainability, focusing on one source without considering the relationship with other sources may cause unexpected acute and even unsustainable consequences. The aim of this research is to simulate and optimize the combined use of surface and underground water in the Kermanshah plain under the conditions of climate change based on the sixth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-6). For this purpose, a coupled integrated model of surface and underground water will be prepared, in which the WEAP evaluation model is used to prepare the surface water model and the MODFLOW model is used to prepare the underground water model. Then the effect of climate change on surface and underground water modeling will be investigated in the integrated model. Finally, by connecting the gray wolf multi-objective algorithm (MOGWO) to the body of the coupled model based on objective functions based on the correlation of water, food and energy and social parameters and environmental factors, optimal solutions for the integrated management of water resources in the region under climate change scenarios will be investigated. And its effects on surface and underground water will be evaluated.

Abstract  

   The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an oligophagous pest with a worldwide distribution that feeds on Solanaceae. In addition to the damage caused in the field, this insect is considered the most destructive pest of potatoes in storage, whose larvae can destroy the whole crop by digging deep channels in potato tubers and causing rots due to the entrance of secondary pathogens in severe contamination. The use of insecticides against storage pests is limited due to jeopardizing food security and the development of resistance. Therefore, low-risk or safe management methods should replace chemical control. Irradiation with ultraviolet rays is a safe method that can play an effective role in integrated management programs of this insect in the warehouse. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim of evaluating the role of UV-C radiation in the control of potato tuber moth for the post-harvest stages. Irradiating different ages of eggs for four minutes with this ray showed that as the age increases, the sensitivity to ultraviolet rays increases, so after this irradiation, only 61.67% of the four-day-old eggs hatched. Next, to achieve the most effective duration of radiation, four-day egg cohort groups were irradiated with UV-C rays for different periods of one, two, four, six, and 10 minutes, and their biological parameters were compared with the control treatment (without radiation) via studying the age-stage two-sex life table. The results showed that the pre-adult duration and the percentage of survival rate in this period and adult longevity increased, decreased and decreased respectively with the increase in the duration of irradiation. Also, life table parameters including the age-stage specific survival rate, the age-specific fecundity, the age-stage specific survival rate, the life expectancy and the age-stage reproductive value, were negatively affected by UV-C radiation and dependent on the duration of irradiation. In addition, all population parameters were also affected by this radiation and directly related to the duration of radiation. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), the net reproductive rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) for the control treatment were estimated 0.1345 day-1, 1.1440 day-1, 68.39 eggs and 31.42 days, that reached to 0.0099 day-1, 0.0990 day-1, 0.64 eggs and 45.01 days, respectively after eight minutes of irradiation to the eggs. Finally, the high efficiency of UV-C rays to control potato tuber moth in laboratory conditions was determined. Still, more studies are needed before implementing this control method in potato storages.

  The purpose of this

® contain amino form of chromium, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, iron and cobalt) supplementation on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. One hundred and eighty LSL-Lite laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates and six birds in each replicate. Treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (control), and four others experimental diets containing 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 gr/kg of HeptaMix®. Egg production, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Egg mass was calculated by multiplying the total number of eggs laid per hens by the average egg weight. A sample of two eggs per replicatio  at the end of every 28 day laying cycle was used to determine internal and external egg qualities.  The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of the SAS (2003). The Duncan multiple range test was used to determine the significant differences between treatment means. The results showed that feeding HeptaMix® did not affect the feed intake, egg production, FCR, egg weight and egg mass (P>0.05).   Shape index, yolk color and egg specific gravity were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Albumen height and haugh unit was decreased in the treatments receiving HeptaMix® than the control group (P<0.05). Yolk weight was increased and albumen weight was decreased in the treatments receiving HeptaMix® (P<0.05). Supplementation of 3.75 and 5.00 gr/kg HeptaMix® to diet significantly increased the shell weight and shell thickness (P<0.05). The current findings provided support for the advantages of feeding 3.75 or 5.00 gr/kg HeptaMix®

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental nutrition on organic and vitamin A in corn and soy based diets on production performance and quality characteristics of laying hens. For this purpose, 360 commercial laying hens of Bones strain at the age of 60 weeks were used. Production and functional traits such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production percentage, egg mass and average egg weight (g) In the middle of the period, the end of the period and the whole period of the experimental design were analyzed. Specific weight, egg shape index, shell weight and shell thickness were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using GMP statistical software in a completely randomized factorial design that included 12 treatments and 5 repetition and 6 observations per repetition. Based on the results, the percentage of egg production at the levels of interaction of zinc and vitamin A in the first month, the second month and the whole period were significant (P?0.05), but egg mass among the experimental treatments in the first month, the second month and the whole period was not different from each other (P?0.05). The interaction of different levels of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on yolk weight and shell weight was significant, so that treatments containing 8000 units of vitamin A with levels of 60, 90 or 120 mg / kg of organic zinc supplementation had a higher yolk weight than control and the treatment containing 8000 units of vitamin A and 120 mg / kg zinc (treatment 9) had higher shell weight (P 05 0.05). Significant changes were observed in the intraction levels of zinc and vitamin A in yolk (P?0.05). And treatments 4, 7 and 12 had the better yolk color. Levels of 90 and 120 mg of zinc compared to the level of 60 mg reduced feed consumption and improved the feed conversion ratio (P? 0.05). Different treatments had significant effects on egg shell thickness and egg weight (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that the use of zinc supplementation in the diet of laying hens at the levels of 90 and 120 mg of zinc and vitamin A at the level of 16000 units can have positive effects on their performance and egg production.   

  مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسي تاثير استفادهاز پودر لارو سوسك زرد آرد Tenebrio molitor، غني شده با مخمرو يا باكتري درجيره­ي غذاييمرغ‌هاي تخم­گذار بهعنوان جايگزين بخشي از ذرت و سويا، بر عملكرد و صفات كيفي تخم‌مرغ انجام شد. دراين آزمايش از 180 قطعه مرغ تخم­گذار نژاد لوهمن سفيد Lohmann LSL-Lite در سن 68 هفته­اي با 5 تيمار و 6 تكرار و هر تكرار حاوي 6 مرغبه مدت 8 هفته انجام شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل 1) سطح صفر درصد پودر ميلورم به عنوانتيمار شاهد 2) جيره حاوي دو درصد ميلورم 3) جيره­هاي حاوي دو درصد ميلورم به همراهباكتري 4) دو درصد ميلورم به همراه مخمر 5) دو درصد ميلورم به همراه باكتري و مخمرغني سازي شدند.

(P?0.05).   

  The walnut tree with the English name (Walnut) is one of the important nut fruits of the Juglandaceae family with the scientific name of Juglans. Walnut tree has high economic value in terms of fruit and wood.  Annual bacterial diseases directly and indirectly cause a lot of damage to the walnut tree and reduce the quantity and quality of fruit and wood of the walnut tree.In spring, summer and autumn of 1396, 1397, 1398 and 1399 from walnut orchards of Gilan-e-Gharb and Sarpol-e-Zahab cities of Kermanshah province, targeted leaves with yellow spots, fruit burns, canker Burning of young shoots, skin canker of the trunk and dryness of the biopsy were performed.Biochemical tests grouped the samples so that the causative agent of leaf spot samples in April and May were identified as Microbacterium sp. And Xanthomonas. Molecular identification using general primer (27f-1492r) was also the cause. The genus Microbacterium sp was identified as a leaf spot. However, with the warming of the weather in July and August, large yellow spots with distinct yellow spots were obtained, this group of specimens were in the genus Pantua.The group of fruit samples was identified in the genus Microbacterium in May, when the burn starts from the fruit flower area and progresses to the fruit kernel. However, with the warming of the weather in July and August, fruit burns were more limited to the green area of ??the fruit, which biochemical tests grouped of these samples in the genus Pantua.Young branch canker specimens were grouped in Xhantomonas genus in April and May. With warming, the samples were grouped in Pantua.Symptoms of walnut skin canker can be seen in the warmer months of the year. Biochemical tests grouped the specimens in the genus Brennaria Nigrifluene, with specialized primers (f1-c3) as well as general primers (27f-1492r). They were not able to distinguish exactly these samples.  The group of dandruff samples that started from the branches and the symptoms of the disease continued to the depth of the tree trunk were classified as Xhantomonas based on biochemical tests.

   Abstract    This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented camelina meal on performance and digestibility in broilers. A total of 420 broilers were randomly assigned to 7 treatments with 6 replicates and 10 replicates per replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included control (based on soybean meal) and 5, 10 and 15% treatments of replacing raw camelina or fermented soybean meal in the diet. The chicks of all groups received the ration at the end of the first week of each treatment. The results of this experiment showed that at the end of the feed weight gain and feed conversion ratio and feed intake as well as protein digestibility in the fermented treatments, especially 15% compared to the non fermented ones. There was a significant difference (P <0.01), therefore, with regard to the positive effects of fermented camelina meal on broiler digestibility and digestibility, this processed protein source could be considered as an alternative to soybean meal.   

This study was carried out to determine the effect of adding Ferulago angulata on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 6 replications and 10 broiler chicks in each replication were used. Experimental groups were consisted of 1- Basal diet without any additives (Control-), 2- Basal diet + 0.5% g/Kg Ferulago angulata, 3- Basal diet + 1% Ferulago angulata, 4- Basal diet + 1.5% Ferulago angulata. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and reported as 1-21 and 1-42 days. At the end of growing period, two birds were slaughtered from each replicate, and parameters related to carcass characteristics, pH of the thigh and breast meat were measured. As well as samples of thigh and breast meat stored for meat quality experiments. On day 42, blood samples were taken from two birds to measure some blood parameters. At the age of 21, chicks fed 0.05% had more weight gain than the control group and 1.5% Ferulago angulata (P?0.05).Birds fed 1 and 1.5% Ferulago angulata decreased feed intake compared to control diet (P?0.05). However, chickens receiving different levels of Ferulago angulata compared to the control group had a lower feed conversion ratio (P?0.05). At 42 days of age, weight gain and feed intake were not affected by experiment treatment (P?0.05). However, the lowest (P?0.05) feed conversion ratio was observed in the birds receiving 0.5% Ferulago angulata in comparison with control and 1% Ferulago angulata, which was not significant with 1.5%. None of the parameters related to carcass characteristics, pH of the thigh and breast meat, drop less and cooking less were not significant by experimental treatments (P?0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde in breast meat at 90 days after slaughter was lower in diets containing 1 and 1.5% Ferulago angulata than control diet (P?0.05). Significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentration of blood triglyceride and cholesterol in diets contain levels of Ferulago angulata was observed than control. Blood glucose concentration was not affected (P?0.05). The results of the data showed that the use of Ferulago angulata powder as an additive in the level of 0.5% had a positive effect on the performance of broiler chicks, also using up to 1.5% increase perdurability and health of the meat.    Key words: performance, Ferulago angulata, carcass characteristics, malondialdehyde concentration.