Introduction and Objective: Mental fatigue can negatively affect motor performance and balance control. In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has received considerable attention as a non-invasive method for modulating cortical activity and improving cognitive and motor functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of tDCS under conditions of mental fatigue on balance and motor performance in trained boys. Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a randomized crossover design, 16 trained male university students voluntarily participated (mean age: 21.12 ± 12.33 years; height: 169.06 ± 5.59 cm; weight: 63.12 ± 10.99 kg; BMI: 22.05 ± 3.41 kg/m²). The participants completed three separate sessions, each one week apart, under three stimulation conditions: primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation, and sham stimulation. In each session, baseline assessments were first conducted, including static and dynamic balance using the Tecnobody device and motor performance using the single-leg hop, triple hop, 6-m timed hop, and crossover hop tests. Then, mental fatigue was induced using a 30-minute Stroop test, and the level of mental fatigue was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before fatigue induction and immediately afterward. Following mental fatigue induction, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three stimulation conditions, and mental fatigue was reassessed after stimulation using the VAS. Finally, all study variables were measured again at post-test. Data were analyzed using 3 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance, and all statistical analyses were performed in    version 27. Results: The findings showed that the interaction effect of time and stimulation type was significant for motor performance indices, including the single-leg hop (P<0.001), triple hop (P<0.001), 6-m timed hop (P=0.007), and crossover hop (P=0.012). Performance improved significantly under real stimulation of both the M1 and DLPFC compared with the sham condition (P<0.05). In contrast, for static and dynamic balance, the main effect of time, the main effect of stimulation type, and the interaction effect of time × stimulation type were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can improve motor performance indices under conditions of mental fatigue in trained boys; however, it does not have a significant effect on static or dynamic balance.   

   t Background: Prolonged use of mobile phones has been associated with an increased prevalence of postural abnormalities, neck pain, and functional impairments in the cervical region. Core stability plays a crucial role in maintaining spinal alignment and postural control. Nevertheless, the effect of core muscle stability on head posture and cervical function in heavy mobile phone users has received limited attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between core muscle stability and craniovertebral angle, cervical proprioception, neck pain intensity, and functional neck disability in heavy mobile phone users. Methods: This study employed a causal-comparative design. The study population consisted of heavy mobile phone users aged 18 to 30 years. A total of 30 participants were divided into two groups based on their core muscle stability status, as determined by a core stability assessment test: participants with core muscle stability (n = 15) and participants without core muscle stability (n = 15). Core muscle stability was assessed using the plank and side plank tests. Forward head posture and craniovertebral angle were measured through photographic analysis using Kinovea software (version 0.8.15). Cervical proprioception was assessed using the joint position error method with an inclinometer. Neck pain intensity and functional neck disability were evaluated using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Data were analyzed using    software (version 27) and the independent samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between individuals with and without core muscle stability in the craniovertebral angle (P = 0.001), cervical proprioception during flexion (P = 0.008), right lateral flexion (P = 0.011), left lateral flexion (P = 0.018), pain intensity (P = 0.012), and neck functional disability (P = 0.025). Individuals with core muscle stability demonstrated a more favorable postural alignment, better cervical proprioceptive function, lower pain intensity, and less neck-related functional disability compared with individuals without core muscle stability. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, core muscle stability appears to be an important factor in maintaining proper head and neck posture and preserving functional health in the cervical region. Adequate core stability may contribute to reduced neck pain and disability and improved proprioceptive function through enhanced postural control, improved neuromuscular performance, and decreased mechanical stress on cervical structures. Keywords: Core muscle stability, craniovertebral angle, cervical proprioception, neck pain, neck disability, mobile phone use.

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Football fans act as the backbone of this industry and their retention not only helps the survival of clubs, but also helps strengthen national and social identity in the sports community. With these interpretations, the overall goal of this research is to present a model of retention of professional football fans in Iraq with a data-based approach. The present research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and methodology in the qualitative research branch, which was carried out using a data-based approach and the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin in the period 1404-1405. The research population was conducted through in-depth interviews with professors and academic faculty members in the field of sports sciences, heads and officials of the Iraqi Football Federation, supervisors and managers of stadiums hosting the Iraqi Football League, officials of the football club fan club, and experts in professional Iraqi football. Theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 16 interviews and using a purposeful method. Based on the results of the Iraqi professional football fan retention model with a data-based approach, it included contextual factors (social-environmental and structural-technological contexts), causal factors (fan retention drivers and marketing drivers), intervening factors (structural-environmental barriers and socio-cultural barriers), the central category (the nature of the retention phenomenon), strategies (environmental improvement of sports, management improvement of sports, and transformation in digital and content interactions), and consequences (economic sustainability of the club, development of brand image, and improvement of the quality of the fan experience). Therefore, it can be concluded that the retention of Iraqi professional football fans is the result of a dynamic interaction between psychological, economic and marketing drivers with social, cultural, political and technological contexts. In the meantime, clubs can strengthen long-term fan loyalty by applying strategies based on developing the fan experience, human and digital communication, social responsibility and sustainable revenue generation and ultimately achieve the economic, social and branding development of Iraqi professional football.   

   The aim of the present study was to explain the processes of professionalization of football and income generation of clubs in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches and active athletes) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowdrop sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. To collect data, 16 people were interviewed. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the processes of professionalization of football in Iraq include: professional governance of clubs, strategic management of the club, human resource development, meritocracy, technical specialization, talent acquisition, infrastructure development, financial discipline, institutionalization of legal requirements, digital transformation, professionalization of the league, and interaction with fans. Also, the processes of revenue generation of football clubs in Iraq include: sponsorship revenues, media management, development of fan experience, branding, sales of club products, club commercial partnerships, player development and transfer, and commercialization of club infrastructure. These categories themselves include 20 concepts and 99 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that professionalization of football and development of revenue generation mechanisms are among the most important prerequisites for the growth and sustainability of football clubs in Iraq. Therefore, paying attention to this issue can provide the basis for improving performance, increasing competitiveness, and sustainable development of football in this country.

   The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of smart governance in Iraqi sports federations. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and a data-based theory method with a constructivist approach. The statistical population included experts in sports management, sports sociology, and managers of Iraqi sports federations, and the sampling was purposeful and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The field of study and having scientific publications related to the subject, having managerial positions and executive experiences in the field of sports management, and experts in the field of sports were among the indicators for selecting the initial list of experts. The sampling method was non-probability sampling, with purposeful selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this study was 15 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool in the qualitative stage was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Research findings: In the data analysis process, 105 initial open codes were extracted, which were organized and conceptualized in the form of these selective categories, which included five main selective categories including "technological and data-driven infrastructure", "tra  arency and supervisory system", "participation and human capital", "organizational structure and capacities", and "legal platforms and support". The results showed that Iraqi sports federations are in the transition stage from traditional management to smart governance and are facing challenges such as weak digital infrastructure, lack of integrated databases, lack of tra  arency and accountability, limited financial resources, and weak organizational structures. In contrast, capacities such as the existence of managerial and sports experiences, young human resources, international relations, and a tendency towards technological development have provided a suitable basis for the establishment of smart governance. Accordingly, the realization of smart governance requires the simultaneous development of digital technologies, reform of organizational structures, strengthening of the tra  arency and supervisory system, empowerment of human capital, and reform of laws and regulations. Finally, the presented model can be used as a practical framework for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of management in Iraqi sports federations.

   The purpose of the present research was to identify the challenges and opportunities of the “One Hundred Competitions in one Hundred Days” program in schools (case study: Boys’ futsal). The research method was qualitative, based on Grounded Theory with Glaser’s approach. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, teachers, school principals, event organizers, and district sports specialists) active in the field of student sports. For sampling and conducting in-depth interviews, the snowball sampling method was used. The main research instrument was interviews conducted with 16 participants. The validity of the interview tool was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and expert professors, while reliability was assessed through the intra-subject agreement method, with the reliability coefficient calculated as 0.85. Data analysis was performed using the Grounded Theory method. The findings revealed that the challenges of the “100 Competitions in 100 Days” program in schools include: managerial and executive challenges, financial and economic issues, infrastructural limitations, shortage of specialized human resources, cultural and social challenges, and unfairness. Meanwhile, the opportunities of the program (case study: Boys’ futsal) consist of individual skill development, infrastructure improvement, educational opportunities for teachers, social and cultural benefits, and economic opportunities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that school administrators can create favorable conditions for fostering individual skills such as quick decision-making, stress management, accuracy, and motor coordination among boys through the implementation of this program.

  The present study aimed to examine the scientific and social dimensions of the literature related to sports corruption and provides a multidimensional picture of this field. Analysis of scientometric and altmetric data showed that scientific production in this field is mainly concentrated in English-speaking countries, especially the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, and these countries have the highest number of highly cited articles. The findings also showed that some sensitive topics, such as sports betting, doping, and management scandals, have had a wide social impact despite limited scientific citation, while articles with high scientific citations have been seen mainly in research communities and have received less public attention. The correlation between citation, altmetric, and social media indicators showed that scientific and social impact are not necessarily aligned and that each indicator represents a different dimension of research impact. This study shows that effective sports anti-corruption policies require synergy between scientific research, smart policymaking, and social participation. The results of the study can help develop tra  arency frameworks, improve governance structures, develop data systems, and promote interaction between knowledge and society, and provide a clear path for planning and implementing anti-corruption policies in national and international sports.

   مقدمه:  استئوآرتريت زانو به عنوان يك بيماري تخريبي مفصلي شايع، با ايجاد درد و محدوديت حركتي، كيفيت زندگي سالمندان را به ويژه در زنان تحت تأثير قرار مي‌دهد. از آنجا كه فعاليت بدني نقش كليدي در مديريت اين عوارض ايفا مي‌كند، اين مطالعه به بررسي و مقايسه اثربخشي دو مداخله ورزشي متمايز، يعني پياده‌روي معمولي و پياده‌روي نورديك،   بر شاخص‌هايي چون درد، تعادل، عملكرد شناختي و ناتواني‌هاي مرتبط با استئوآرتريت زانو در زنان سالمند مي‌پردازد.

   The overall objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the impact of female athletes on the success of national sports champions and to identify the effective factors. Based on the objectives of this study, the research method was qualitative and content analysis. The method of collecting the required information was semi-guided interviews. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts knowledgeable in the subject such as news in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. Since identifying and accessing qualified interviewees is difficult, each person who is interviewed is asked to introduce another qualified person, which will be the statistical sample in a snowball method. The interviews are combined (in-person, virtual, and telephone calls), and theoretical saturation will be the quality criterion of the samples studied. The method of conducting this study was qualitative and content analysis. To conduct the research, after designing general questions and developing an interview protocol, in-depth and semi-structured interviews are conducted with experts.   The statistical population in the study was experts knowledgeable about the subject, such as experts in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. The snowball sampling method was used. In the snowball method, the people who are interviewed are asked to introduce other people who are in a similar situation and can provide more information, and they are also interviewed. Using semi-guided interviews with the samples, this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The sample was between 12 and 15 sports experts and the criterion for reaching theoretical saturation in this field. The data collection tool in the qualitative method was semi-guided interviews to collect information. The interviews were conducted in a mixed format (face-to-face, virtual, and telephone calls). Qualitative software was used to analyze the information obtained from the research.    Keywords: female athletes, sports elites, success, Pattern

This is an exploratory qualitative study conducted to gain a deep, multi-layered, and interpretive understanding of the challenges and opportunities of sports event management in developing countries, with an emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. Using thematic analysis, this study identifies patterns, categorizes concepts, and extracts meanings from qualitative data such as semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes experts and scholars active in the field of sports management in selected countries with experience in hosting sports events, and the sampling was purposefully conducted using the snowball method. The sample size was determined by the theoretical saturation rule, and MAXQDA software was used to code and analyze the data. The research results show that the field of sports event management faces challenges such as lack of expertise, managerial incoherence, financial constraints, and weak infrastructure, but there are valuable opportunities such as the effective role of the media, support from government institutions, raising managers' awareness, developing environmental standards, and strengthening economic and business strategies. Social responsibility is effective in promoting fan commitment and loyalty, as well as in improving the brand experience. The findings emphasize that in order to achieve sustainability and social responsibility in sports, it is necessary to adopt appropriate participatory, educational, culture-building, and policy-making strategies to achieve optimal organizational performance and develop the sports market. This analytical method has provided a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cultural, organizational, and social contexts related to sports event management.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social media personalization on brand loyalty with the mediating role of perceived value among football fans in southern Iraq. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional, and the data were collected quantitatively. The statistical population of the study included football fans in southern Iraq, and the sample size was determined using    Sample Power software, which ultimately selected 348 people as an acceptable sample. Standard questionnaires related to social media personalization, brand loyalty, and perceived value were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests and external and internal model analysis using    and PLS software, and the error level was considered to be 0.05. The results of the study showed that social media personalization has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty of football fans in southern Iraq. Also, social media personalization has a significant effect on fans' perceived value, and perceived value as a mediator plays an important role in strengthening brand loyalty. In other words, increasing the level of social media personalization improves perceived value and, consequently, increases fan loyalty. The results also indicate the importance of clubs' strategic use of social media to directly and effectively interact with fans, strengthen brand attachment, and create lasting loyalty. The findings of this study are consistent with previous domestic and foreign research and indicate the practical application of the model under study in the football fan environment of southern Iraq.  

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of positive leadership on the career development of physical education teachers in Mosul, Iraq, with the mediating role of career enthusiasm. This study was quantitative in terms of its quantitative strategy and correlation type, cross-sectional in terms of its time, applied in terms of its purpose, and field in terms of data collection. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of its statistical population and included all physical education teachers in Mosul, whose number was determined to be 250. The sample size was determined using    Sample Power software based on a test power of 80%. The data collection tools included Cameron's (2008) Positive Leadership Questionnaire, Schoeffley et al.'s (2006) Career Development, and Kanter and Mishra's (2002) Career Enthusiasm. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, and in the inferential section, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used according to the type of data. Statistical analyses were performed using    version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software at an error level of 0.05. The findings showed that positive leadership has a significant relationship with teachers' job satisfaction and career fulfillment, and career satisfaction also plays a significant mediating role in this relationship. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that the model of the effect of positive leadership on teachers' career fulfillment with the mediating role of career satisfaction has a good fit, and the hypothesized relationships of the study were confirmed.  

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of content marketing on brand awareness of sports teams through the mediation of fans' sense of belonging. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-survey in nature and method of implementation and is in the category of correlational-causal research with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of this study consists of all active fans of professional sports teams in Iran who follow content related to their favorite team through digital media and online platforms, such as official Instagram pages, Telegram channels, club websites, or fan applications. In this study, a purposive non-probability sampling method was used and the final sample size of the study was 350 people. In order to collect data, two library and field methods were used, and the tool used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was also carried out using    and Smart-PLS software. The findings of the study showed that content marketing has a significant and positive impact on brand awareness and also increases fans’ sense of belonging to the brand. In addition, fans’ sense of belonging plays an effective mediating role in strengthening the effect of content marketing on brand awareness. In other words, content marketing not only directly improves brand awareness, but also has an indirect and lasting effect on brand recognition and association by creating an emotional bond and strengthening fans’ belonging. These results indicate that content marketing strategies, along with paying attention to emotional aspects and interaction with fans, can be an effective tool for increasing brand recognition, loyalty, and value in the sports environment.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-regulation and socialization on the sports participation of physical education teachers in Wasit, Iraq. This study was applied, quantitative, and cross-sectional, and used a deductive-hypothetical approach to examine the relationships between variables. The statistical population of the study included 208 physical education teachers, and the sample size was determined based on the Morgan table. Data were collected using standard and researcher-made questionnaires; including Ryan and Kennell's (1989) Sports Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Pellitier et al.'s (2013) Sports Participation Questionnaire, and Taormina's (1994) Organizational Socialization Questionnaire, as well as the researcher-made demographic characteristics questionnaire. To ensure the accuracy of the data, content and face validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient were examined, all of which showed acceptable values ??(? > 0.77). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling in    and Smart PLS software. The results showed that self-regulation and sociability have a significant positive effect on teachers' sports participation; self-regulation showed the highest direct effect and sociability showed the highest indirect effect on sports participation. Based on the findings, strengthening self-regulation skills and promoting sociability can help increase teachers' active and continuous participation in sports activities. This study provides valuable scientific evidence for educational and management planning of schools to improve sports activities.  

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the purchase intention of football fans by mediating consumer brand interaction among fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya teams in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In this study, the relationships between variables were examined based on the conceptual model of the research and with the approach of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya football teams in Iraq who followed the official pages of these two clubs on the social network Instagram. The sampling method was non-probability and convenience sampling; in such a way that only people who (1) were fans of one of the two Al-Zawra or Al-Jawiya teams and (2) were active Instagram users and followers of their club's official page were included in the study. Given the uncertainty of the exact size of the statistical population, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and finally 365 people were selected as the research sample. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data, including: the Social Media Marketing Questionnaire by Chung et al., the Purchase Intention Questionnaire by Han and Kim, and the Consumer Brand Engagement Questionnaire by Kaur et al. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (skewness, kurtosis, and structural equation modeling) and using    version 25 and Smart PLS version 3 software. The results of the study showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of football fans of Al-Zawra and Juyeh teams. The findings also indicate that consumer brand engagement plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social media marketing and fans' purchase intention. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as the level of fans' interaction with the club brand through social media increases, their willingness to purchase the club's products and services will also increase.  

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

The aim of the present study was to identify the obstacles to owning a professional football club in Kermanshah province and to provide a solution. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory with Glazer's approach). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, coaches and athletes) in the field of football. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 19 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. The data-based theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the obstacles to professional football club ownership in Kermanshah province include: managerial and structural obstacles, financial and economic obstacles, legal and legal obstacles, infrastructural and technical obstacles, cultural and social obstacles, and communication and media obstacles. And in response to these obstacles, appropriate solutions were presented. These categories themselves included a series of conceptual and open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that in order to resolve the financial and economic problems of clubs, relevant managers and officials should establish a marketing and revenue-generating unit for the club, which is responsible for designing investment packages, attracting local sponsors, and launching digital fan services. In this way, the club can be placed on the path of economic growth and development.      

The aim of the present study was to identify the challenges of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province and provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory with Glaser's approach). The statistical population of the present study was experts (professors, coaches, experts, and athletes) active in the field of women's sports. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 16 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province include: economic challenges, cultural-social challenges, sports challenges, management challenges, legal-legal challenges, media challenges, and political challenges. Each of these obstacles had its own conceptual and open codes. And appropriate solutions were presented against these obstacles. Based on the findings of the present study, we conclude that examining the status of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province shows that various obstacles affect their growth and participation. Therefore, serious attention to the development of infrastructure, financial and managerial support, and reforming cultural attitudes can increase opportunities for progress. Therefore, designing comprehensive and localized solutions to remove these obstacles is essential.   

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social networks in sports business innovation (the case study was sports clubs in Kermanshah). The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, and managers) in the field of sports businesses. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The grounded data theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the role of social networks in sports business innovation includes: innovative marketing and branding, easy communication with the club, increasing customer loyalty, attracting capital, crisis management in the club, producing attractive multimedia content, innovation in designing and providing sports services, and generating income through cyberspace. These categories themselves include 18 concepts and 71 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that club managers should seriously benefit from analyzing social network data so that they can accurately identify the interests, needs, and behaviors of their audiences and provide services tailored to their needs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social networks in sports business innovation (the case study was sports clubs in Kermanshah). The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, and managers) in the field of sports businesses. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The grounded data theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the role of social networks in sports business innovation includes: innovative marketing and branding, easy communication with the club, increasing customer loyalty, attracting capital, crisis management in the club, producing attractive multimedia content, innovation in designing and providing sports services, and generating income through cyberspace. These categories themselves include 18 concepts and 71 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that club managers should seriously benefit from analyzing social network data so that they can accurately identify the interests, needs, and behaviors of their audiences and provide services tailored to their needs.   

The aim of the present study was to identify the challenges and opportunities of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools (case study: dodgeball game). The research method is qualitative (grounded theory with Glaser approach). The statistical population of the present study was experts (professors, teachers, school administrators, organizers, and area experts) active in the field of student sports. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview. It was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.80. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools include: equipment challenges for playing Dejball, skill and educational challenges for teachers, psychological, social, and behavioral challenges for students, participatory and gender justice challenges, and executive, organizational, and planning challenges. The opportunities of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools include: educational and training opportunities, cultural and social opportunities, psychological and behavioral opportunities, educational and professional opportunities for teachers, infrastructure and logistics development opportunities, creating cooperation networks between schools, and personal development opportunities for students. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study in the field of educational and training opportunities, the implementation of this project can lead to improving basic sports skills, strengthening the spirit of cooperation, compliance with the rules, and increasing problem-solving abilities in students.   

   Abstract In recent decades, the concept of body management—particularly among women—has emerged as a significant issue in the fields of health, sociology, and sports studies. Women who are members of sports clubs face various challenges in reconciling beauty standards, athletic requirements, and cultural expectations, all of which influence their attitudes toward their bodies. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the attitudes of female sports club members in Kermanshah regarding body management. This applied research employed a descriptive–survey method. The statistical population consisted of all women registered in public and private sports clubs in Kermanshah in the year 2024. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with 32 items covering five dimensions: individual–psychological, social, cultural, media-related, and economic. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed, and data analysis was conducted using    and SmartPLS software through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the media-related factor had the greatest impact on women's attitudes toward body management, followed by the psychological, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. The findings revealed that social comparison, body image, cultural norms, and financial access are key components influencing women's motivations to control, modify, or enhance their bodies. In conclusion, body management among female athletes in Kermanshah is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by media, social structures, and individual cognition. Therefore, designing educational, media, and support policies tailored to psychological and cultural contexts can improve attitudes and promote women's physical and mental well-being. Keywords: Body Management, Women's Attitudes, Social Media, Women's Sports, Cultural Factors                  

   Introduction and Objective: Skilled athletes often suffer from psychological effects of competing, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, which may be due to decreased concentration, attention, and other cognitive factors. One of the solutions is to use the athletes' own mental skills, which requires training in this field to be useful. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of mental training on cognitive performance, competitive anxiety, and psychological resilience of skilled female wushu athletes.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of corruption perception on the tendency to commit corruption in sports with the moderating role of moral involvement. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study is all individuals in the community who are involved in sports. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was calculated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 398 people were selected as the statistical population. The tools used are standard questionnaires for measuring the perception of general corruption and moral involvement, which are summarized based on the needs of the research, and a researcher-made questionnaire was also used to measure the perception of corruption in sports. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and approved by first-order factor analysis. And to measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used, which was equal to 0.743.    software was used to analyze the data, and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and test the hypotheses, the method of which has been described in detail in the previous sections. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the perception of public corruption had an effect on the perception of corruption in sports; the perception of public corruption also has an effect on the tendency to commit corruption in sports, and finally, it can be said that moral conflict has a moderating role in the relationship between the perception of public corruption and the tendency to commit corruption in sports. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials and managers should promote ethical issues in sports organizations and federations to reduce corruption in sports.   

   The aim of the present study was to analyze the strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches, athletes, and experts) in the field of wrestling. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.81. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province include: weakness in formulating a long-term strategy, lack of financial support, lack of infrastructure and facilities, weakness in training specialized human resources, low competitiveness, little attention to wrestling, lack of a comprehensive talent search system, media management crisis, and management problems. Also, the solutions for developing wrestling in Kermanshah province include: having strategic planning, improving financial conditions and attracting sponsors, developing sports infrastructure and facilities, training and developing human resources, holding competitions and events, promoting wrestling in the community, strengthening talent search programs, improving media and advertising, and improving the management system, each of which has a number of open codes. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in this study, officials should use the presented solutions to overcome these obstacles, and managers should also establish strong partnerships with the private sector and local industries to provide financial resources for wrestling.

   The aim of the present study was to present a model of the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports based on a layered analysis of causes. In terms of methodology, the present study is a qualitative research (grounded theory method or grounded theory using triangulation). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, experts and female athletes) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. Multiple sources (interviews_ visual media_ news_ study of theoretical foundations and documents) were used to collect information. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges at the litany level include: restrictions on Islamic clothing and attire, lack of appropriate sports facilities, negative cultural and social attitudes, gender discrimination, legal and political barriers, and psychological and social pressures; the challenges at the systematic level include the categories of: economic problems, social problems, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of adequate representation by the media, cultural challenges, political challenges, and individual problems; the challenges at the discourse analysis level include: traditionalist versus modernist worldview, attitudes toward women's bodies, different interpretations of religion and Sharia, discourse on power and gender roles, Westernist versus nativist worldview, media discourse, and representation and conflict between individualism and collectivism; and finally, the last level, myths and metaphors, include: women as guardians of the home, the sacred body, competition, the arena of men, women, symbols of honor and pride in society, submissive and humble women, the West versus the East, and the hero-sacrifice. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in the present study, officials and managers can play an effective role in addressing the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports by taking practical measures.   

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived economic status and the choice of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements in non-competitive users. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is all male clients and customers of fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 318 people. The instrument used for this study is based on the standard questionnaires of Kaktomani et al. (2019), Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan et al. (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.88. In order to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses,    version 25 software was used. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the selection of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements among male bodybuilders. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among male bodybuilders. And finally, there was a significant difference between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among different income groups. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that officials and managers should take steps to improve the economic situation of society, thereby creating conditions for athletes to purchase sports products.   

AbstractThe aim of this research was to present an interpretive structural model of student sports development. This research was applied in terms of research orientation and was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research philosophy. The statistical population of the present study included all professors of sports management, student sports officials, and sports activists at universities in Kermanshah. Theoretical sampling was used to determine the number of people and find the research path, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 15 in-depth interviews. In the qualitative part of the research, in-depth interviews were used to collect information, and in the quantitative part, the instrument used was a questionnaire. To analyze the information in the qualitative part, three overlapping processes of open, axial, and selective coding were used, which were based on the data-driven method and the Glaser approach, and to analyze the information in the quantitative part, the interpretive structural modeling method was used with the help of ISM software. The findings in the qualitative section showed that the electronic marketing model for selling online sports products was based on 89 initial concepts and the results obtained from the final coding showed that the core codes of the research were fourteen factors (factors of financial resource development, development of places and infrastructure, development of the scientific environment, development of the legal environment, development of the cultural environment, social factors, structural factors, management factors, recreational and public factors, prospects for the development of student sports, motivational incentives, promotion and information about the benefits of sports).Also, the results of the structural-interpretive model in the quantitative section showed that financial resources, development of places and infrastructure, structural factors and management factors were at the first level, human resource development at the second level, cultural factors, social factors and development of the scientific environment at the third level, development of the legal environment, intramural competitions, recreational and public factors, motivational incentives and promotion and information about the benefits of sports were at the fourth level and the prospects for the development of student sports were at the fifth level.Keywords: Sports development, student sports, interpretive structural model

This study was conducted with the aim of Destinations in Sports Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review. Bibliometric techniques were used in this study. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to destinations in sports tourism in the Scopus database. The sample includes studies conducted between 2003 and 2023. The selection criteria include the type of document (only articles), language (limited to English), in the field of destinations in sports tourism. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific productions and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the fields of study in sports tourism destinations included: business management, social resources and environment. Also, popular topics in the field of sports tourism destinations included: culture, spectators, marketing, destination image. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the terms showed that researchers focused on five clusters of sports tourism and destination sustainability, climate change, destination image, major sports events, and tourism motivation segmentation. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials pay special attention to creating and improving sports and welfare infrastructure to attract sports tourists in order to improve the situation of sports tourism destinations.   

Abstract The growth of information and communication technologies, the creation of information, the use of various sources and digital media on the one hand, and the use of educational drugs that are distance learning or the increasing adaptation of information technology. Sports to achieve efficiency and capability in coaches in performing their duties and ultimately improve the performance of their coaches on factors that can cause desirable performance, one of the factors that affect the performance of coaches that is of particular importance and has a significant impact on achieving desirable performance is professional digital competence. The purpose of the present study is to explain the effect of professional digital competence on coaches of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The present study is descriptive and correlational in terms of the method of collecting data. The statistical population of this researcher was all martial arts coaches (taekwondo-karate-wushu) in Kermanshah province, which numbered 220 people in 1403. The sampling method was the total number and its volume was 220. In the present study, a questionnaire will be used to collect data and structural equation modeling will be used to examine the research hypotheses. The results showed that professional digital competence and its components have a positive and significant effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs in Kermanshah province at a five percent error level. The results show that among the components of professional digital competence, the most significant relationship and effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs and content production have the least effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs. Keywords: Sports, Coach, Professional Digital Competence, Coach Coach, Kermanshah  

   Abstract    The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the obstacles facing track and field athletes in Kermanshah province from the perspective of experts and elites. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that is a mixed method (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included 15 managers, champions, and veterans of track and field in Kermanshah province, who were interviewed. Using Maxquda software version 2020, obstacles were identified and dir="RTL" >                                    Keywords:   hurdles, athletics, Kermanshah province, experts and elites      

   The aim of the present study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities. In this study, a mixed research method was used to collect data. The statistical population of the present study included experts (professors, experts, and students) active in the field of leisure in western Iran. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.85. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities include, in order of priority: 1. Individual factors, 2. Economic factors, 3. Psychological factors, 4. Cultural factors, 5. Social factors, and 6. Educational and research factors. We conclude that these factors make cyberspace not only considered as an environment for entertainment and recreation but also as an environment for learning, research, and professional growth. In this way, students can utilize their free time to improve their skills and improve the quality of their academic life.

  The purpose of the present research is to identify the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of cyberspace. The mixed research method is exploratory (quantitative and qualitative) and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative part is 15 high-ranking education experts knowledgeable about the research topic (until reaching theoretical saturation), and the quantitative part includes all physical education teachers in the country (29,000) who, using the sample size determination table of Karjesi and Morgan, The number of 377 people will be considered as a quantitative statistical sample. In the qualitative part, the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of virtual space will be identified and the relevant model will be designed. In the quantitative part, with the structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS software, the relationships between the elements and components of the model will be subjected to a quantitative test.

   The purpose of the current research was to investigate championship sports as a means of building national identity and cohesion (challenges and opportunities). The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts and athletes) in the field of championship sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.88. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of championship sports include the following categories: economic problems, lack of infrastructure and sports facilities, management problems, lack of specialized human resources, and political problems. And also the opportunities include: attracting financial sponsors for the development of infrastructure, culturalization of championship sports in the society and strengthening national cohesion. These 8 items include 17 concepts and 61 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order to improve the state of championship sports, it is necessary to focus on the challenges identified in this research, and by using the upcoming opportunities, prepare the ground for increasing national cohesion and solidarity through championship sports.

   As a social phenomenon, the migration of elites and sports professionals has harmful effects on the growth and development processes of sports. One of the most important factors that play a role in the success of professional sports is elite, useful and efficient human resources. In addition to facilitating professional development, retention of sports elites reduces conflicts and the longevity of professional sports forces and increases productivity. For this reason, in this research, a model for maintaining elites in Iran's state sports organizations based on the specific challenges and contexts of Iranian society has been presented.

   The purpose of the current research was to identify the challenges of the weightlifting federation in Iraq and provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, employees, athletes and heads of committees) in the field of weightlifting. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges facing the weightlifting federation in Iraq include: lack of infrastructural facilities, weak management system and lack of financial and expert human resources in the federation, as well as solutions for the development of the weightlifting federation in Iraq. It includes: improving the financial and human condition of the federation, developing the infrastructure of weightlifting and efficient management system. These 6 cases included 12 concepts and 40 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of the weightlifting federation in Iraq, the authorities should act through the identified indicators regarding the financial support and comprehensive development of the weightlifting infrastructure of this country. As a result of this, the federation will be on the path of generating income and improving the financial situation.

   Today, sports federations are responsible for the development of sports all over the world, which for survival, growth, innovation, performance improvement and competitiveness in the national and global arena in today's dynamic environment requires two strategic knowledge management capabilities with two components (documented knowledge, personal knowledge) ) and two strategic strategies with two dimensions (exploration and exploitation) are needed. The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of strategic knowledge management on the strategic ability of managers and experts of selected sports federations. The research method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information is a descriptive survey and the statistical population of the research includes all managers and employees of sports federations, the sampling method in this research will be random-stratified, so that first all federations It is divided into two groups of team sports and individual sports, then there are six federations of team sports that include (football, volleyball, handball, basketball, hockey, baseball) and six federations of individual sports (wrestling, weightlifting, taekwondo, karate, tennis). On the table, athletics) has been randomly selected as the total number of employees of Iran's sports federations (750 people), which was determined to determine the statistical sample from the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 1970 (159 people). 250 questionnaires have been distributed to prevent the samples from falling. The tools used in the upcoming research are two strategic knowledge management questionnaires (Lopez and Maruner 2011), which will include eight items and two components (documented knowledge - personal knowledge) and the strategic duality questionnaire (Johnson et al., 2009), which includes fourteen items and two components. is a component Their reliability is respectively 73/. and 78/. Designated . Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, etc.) will be used for data analysis. Also, in the inferential statistics section (Pearson's correlation coefficient test) will be used to measure the relationship between variables and analyze the modeling path of structural equations using   25 and LISREL8.70 software.

      (This research was conducted with the approach of qualitative study and thematic analysis, open questions and content analysis were used to extract systematic information from the data with the aim of explaining the phenomenon under study and categorizing the relationships between its elements. It provides the possibility of extracting systematic information from the study data. The purpose of this method is to explain a phenomenon by identifying key elements and categorizing the relationships between these elements. The participants of this research were professors of sports management, experts and trainers of sports and basketball with research experience. A total of 13 interviews were conducted with experts and experts and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The main research tools included exploratory interviews and the use of theoretical study tools on library and media sources to collect data.    The interviews continued based on theoretical saturation until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. In order to increase the validity by providing feedback to the interviewees and putting them on the path of inquiry in order to increase the internal validity, for reliability, the test-retest reliability method was used by calculating the amount of intra-subject agreement. Thematic analysis included steps such as getting to know the data, creating primary codes, classifying codes into topics, creating themes, analyzing thematic networks, and the final report of thematic analysis. These prerequisites include equipment and facilities for obtaining financial support and sports scholarships, providing psychological conditions and mental preparation, specialized training and developing sports skills, as well as supporting and maintaining athletes. Support processes also include various stages that are used in the world

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of futsal league in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes) in the field of futsal. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of futsal league in Iraq. These factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, structure problems, lack of financial and human resources, appropriate management system, finding talent in futsal, increasing futsal clubs. improvement of the club system and development of sports culture in the society. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 73 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of futsal league in Iraq, it is necessary to provide financial support to futsal clubs through the identified categories, and with the appropriate talent search in the field of futsal, the conditions for participation Provide talented people in professional leagues.   

   The purpose of the current research was to explain the factors affecting the migration of Iraqi sports elites and to provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (athletes and expert professors) in the field of elite sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of Iraqi sports elite migration include 6 major categories: economic problems, social problems, cultural problems in the society, inefficient political system, weakness in the management system and psychological factors, and solutions for elite migration. Iraq's sports include 6 major categories: development of Iraq's economy, improvement of the social condition of the society, development of sports culture, professional policy making in sports, improvement of the management system of Iraq and promotion of hope and motivation among elite athletes. And finally, the consequences of the migration of Iraq's sports elites include 3 major categories: decline in sports, cultural-social and economic-political. These categories include 30 concepts and 119 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the research findings and identified challenges, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of social and professional life of elite athletes. Also, managers provide the conditions for the development of Iraqi sports at the elite and championship levels by supporting them financially and economically.

   This research was carried out with the aim of "thematic analysis of studies related to sports startups in Iran and drawing its scientific map in sports". The research method is analytical-applicative, which is designed in two parts: thematic analysis and then drawing the road map. The research method was based on thematic analysis, which was used to analyze qualitative data in the field of sports startups and to categorize meaning patterns from the data set, and then based on Ravar Matrix software. A scientific map was drawn and Centrality and betweenness indices were determined. The statistical population of this research was all published articles with the keyword sports startup. For this purpose, by using the purposeful sampling method, by referring to the internal site (all sports publications) and foreign scientific sites (Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar), the desired articles were collected. Finally, 6 articles in domestic publications and 37 articles in foreign publications were identified. In this research, sampling was not done and all 43 articles were examined and analyzed. Data analysis was done using Excel software to draw graphs and Ravar Matrix software. The findings of the research showed that sports start-up is a new topic, and the articles published in this field are categorized in the thematic areas of starting start-ups, development ways and support ways. Most of these articles have been done analytically and the modeling articles have the lowest number among the research methods of the articles. It was also done based on coding in the Visual Studio program, and 81 repetitive words (including: strategy, founder, investment, work teams, individual characteristics, expertise, market, etc.) were identified. According to the thematic analysis, 85 cases of primary concept were identified. These badges were categorized in 85 concepts, 13 themes and 3 main categories according to thematic and conceptual proximity in the axial coding stage. Finally, in drawing the scientific map of start-ups, you identified centrality and betweenness indices for 14 variables with high repetition in all texts and drew its diagram. What was shown in this research is that in recent years, it has been paid attention to by sports science and marketing researchers and this field is a new field that can be used as a trick to develop the society's economy.

  The purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The current research is in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive method, it is of survey type, in terms of correlation between variables, and in terms of time, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population of this research consists of all the fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat futsal team who were members of online virtual groups or online communities of fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat Futsal Team. According to Mueller's optimal sample size rule, 277 fans participated in this research as a sample. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaires of perceived social responsibility, team identity, online community identity and brand equity Kim and Manoli (2022). The validity and reliability of the measurement tool was confirmed using content validity, convergent validity, divergent validity, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. In order to test the statistical assumptions, the variance-oriented structural equation model was used. The results of the research showed that perceived social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand equity (?=0.322), team identity (?=0.652) and online community identity (?=0.695). Also, team identity (?=0.315) and online community identity (?=0.311) have a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Finally, the perceived social responsibility has a significant effect on the special value of the brand with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in the fans of Naft al-Wasat futsal team (?=0.422). According to the results of the research, managers of Iraqi Naft Al-Wasat futsal team can increase their level of social responsibility to improve their brand value and strengthen the fans' team identity and the fans' identity in the club's online communities.

  The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic management factors of financial sponsors in sports and provide a model. The research is a mixed type of research and the statistical population in the qualitative part includes sports management experts, managers and experts of sports teams in Kermanshah province who are in the senior category and in the top sports leagues of the country, as well as senior managers, managing directors, finance managers or were sales managers of large industrial units in Kermanshah province, who reached theoretical saturation by conducting 10 researcher interviews through semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling. Morgan's table, 300 people were selected as a statistical sample, and the sampling was done randomly. Through the information received from the interviews and coding through the Maxqda software, a questionnaire was designed, its validity was confirmed and its factor analysis was also confirmed through the    software. The final model was designed through amoss software. The results showed that the sponsor's image plays the biggest role in the strategic management of sponsors in sports, and beliefs do not play a role in the strategic management of sponsors, and the factors of participation, attachment, honesty, performance, image, attitude, and knowledge predict 91% of strategic management. They have supporters in sports. Therefore, in the strategic management of financial sponsors in sports, special attention should be paid to the development of sports infrastructure and creating attractiveness for the target community.

Abstract: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the factors that reduce the complaints of coaches' negligence in sports events. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical according to the method of data collection, which was carried out by field method. The statistical population based on Morgan's table included 250 sports coaches from Kermanshah city, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, which consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic questions (age, gender, education) and coaching experience) and the second part included a 24-item questionnaire of effective factors (individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural) and a 12-item questionnaire to reduce complaints related to coaches' negligence. Descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression and confirmatory factor analysis) were used for data analysis, which was done using LISREL and    software. The findings obtained from the factor analysis model showed that individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural factors influence the reduction of complaints from coaches. According to the obtained results and the ranking of the mentioned factors, policy makers in the field of sports can focus their main actions in order to reduce the complaints of coaches' malpractice in sports events, respectively, on the factors of facilities, individual factors and organizational factors. do    Keywords: complaint, malpractice, sports events

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برگزاري باكيفيت رويدادهاي ورزشي چالشي براي فدراسيون‌ها، شهرها و سازمان­هايي است كه در تلاش­اند كيفيت برگزاري را ارتقا دهند و رضايت شركت‌كنندگان و ذينفعان را جلب كنند. هدف از اين پژوهش «تبيين مدل عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي موثر بر كيفيت رويدادهاي ورزشي (مطالعه موردي: المپياد ورزشي دانشجويان)» است. اين تحقيق كاربردي و از نوع توصيفي– همبستگي است   كه به شكل ميداني و با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام پذيرفت. جامعه آماري تحقيق را كارشناسان خبره (اساتيد مديريت ورزشي، روُساي تربيت‌بدني دانشگاه‌ها، كارشناسان تربيت بدني، مربيان و ورزشكاران، با تجربه حضور در المپياد ورزشي دانشجويان) تشكيل دادند كه با توجه به نامعلوم بودن حجم جامعه آماري تعداد نمونه‌ها تا حد كفايت به روش تصادفي ساده 225 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات در اين تحقيق پرسشنامه استاندارد است كه از دو بخش تشكيل شده است. بخش اول مربوط به سئوالات جمعيت شناختي و بخش دوم شامل   پرسشنامه­هاي عوامل اجتماعي– اقتصادي (فرهادياني،1396) و پرسشنامه استاندارد كيفيت رويداد ورزشي (شانك،2006) با چهار مولفه است كه به صورت طيف 5 ارزشي ليكرت نمره‌گذاري شده‌اند. تجزيه و تحليل داده­ها‌ با استفاده از نرم‌افزار   24 و LISREL8   انجام گرفت از‌ آمار توصيفي و استنباطي (همبستگي پيرسون و مدل معادلات ساختاري) استفاده شد. نتايج يافته‌ها نشان داد ضريب مسير بين عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي و موُلفه‌هاي كيفيت مكان، كيفيت برگزاري، كيفيت گردشگري ورزشي و كيفيت خدمات رويداد ورزشي به ترتيب   برابر با 83/0، 86/0، 84/0 و 89/0 است. همچنين   ضريب معناداري براي اين موُلفه‌ها به ترتيب   معادل 89/9، 26/5، 47/5 و 77/5 بود. نتايج نشان داد كه عوامل اجتماعي- اقتصادي توان پيش‌بيني كيفيت رويداد ورزشي را دارند. لذا پيشنهاد ‌مي‌شود مديران برگزاري المپيادهاي ورزشي دانشجويي از مدل ارائه شده در اين تحقيق جهت ارتقاء كيفيت رويداد ورزشي دانشجويي استفاده كنند.     

   Abstract The aim of the current research was to investigate and analyze the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's inclination towards sports in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts (media experts, sports experts of Kermanshah province and professors) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 27 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's tendency towards sports in Kermanshah province includes: raising awareness through the media, increasing the motivation to attract sponsors, proper infrastructure management, culture building, development obstacles and It is media strategies. These categories include 17 concepts and 78 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the identified concepts, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote mass media among women, as well as provincial managers with Awareness through the media to make women aware of the positive benefits of exercising.

The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in the post-corona era and to provide solutions to the sports managers of the Sports and Youth Department of Kermanshah province. A mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) will be used to collect data. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of data collection, it will be an interview study.The statistical population includes experts in the field of sports (university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, coaches, sports experts, club managers and employees of sports and youth departments) in the field of challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. It is the post-corona era. The sampling method will be snowball type. In this research, the researcher will interview 15 knowledgeable people in the field of sports in Kermanshah province. The research was conducted in the period of 1400-1401. The interviewees will be asked to express their opinions about the challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in the post-coronavirus era in Kermanshah province and according to the knowledge, experience and expertise they have in this field, with correct and logical identification. The challenges and opportunities that have arisen during the corona era, it is possible to provide solutions to avoid challenges and use the opportunities to help club owners in the post-corona era. And according to the obtained results, it is possible to provide solutions to the managers and heads of sports boards of Kermanshah province for better management of this field in the post-Corona era. Therefore, sports managers are advised to use the results of this research in order to reduce the challenges and use the opportunities created due to the corona disease in the field of sports in the province.   

  The present research explains the model of electronic sports tourism in Kermanshah city based on the theory of foundation data. This research is applied in terms of development goal, in terms of qualitative data and cross-sectional survey in terms of nature. In addition, the plan is exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts in the field of electronic tourism and sports, who participated in the research by using the purposeful and snowball sampling method after reaching the theoretical saturation limit. The research data collection tool was semi-structured interview. In this research, data analysis was done using three stages of open, central, and selective coding based on Strauss and Corbin's approach. These coding steps were done by using Max Kyuda version 18 software. According to the results obtained from the conducted interviews, in total, 88 open codes were obtained from the interviews that were conducted with the samples under investigation, in the form of 16 central codes and 5 selective codes of causal factors (being attractive to tourists, being more comfortable, mental developments and tourism attractions of the province), contextual (emphasis on friends and family, other people's experiences and the capabilities of the website), interventionist (security weaknesses, management and government weaknesses and individual characteristics), strategies (advertising strategies, infrastructure development, offering discounts, management strategies and development of e-sports tourism) and consequences (tourist communication, economic development, reducing costs and making travel easier) were categorized. . Key words: model, e-sports tourism, Kermanshah, foundation data theory.

The purpose of this research was to examine and diagnose corruption in sports in Kermanshah and to provide a suitable management model and ways to deal with it. In terms of purpose, the present research was applied, research method was descriptive and it was a survey type of study that was conducted in a field and in a mixed manner. In the qualitative part, the statistical population includes 17 people from the province's sports management elites and champions, coaches and sports managers, and in the quantitative part, it includes 384 people from university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, veterans, coaches and employees of the Sports and Youth Department. They were at the level of Kermanshah. In the qualitative part, the open, axial and selective coding method was used based on the Strauss and Corbin (1998) paradigm model, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation method was used. The findings of the research were examined in all five dimensions of contextual factors, causal factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. The results showed that the strategies resulting from the model include: dealing with corrupt people, dealing with corruption in the media, planning to fight corruption, revising laws, processes and structures, appointing competent people, creating a culture to reduce corruption, monitoring and evaluation. The proper continuous is the clarification of the processes. Therefore, it is recommended to use the results of this research in order to reduce the damage caused by corruption and its management in sports of the province.   

Corruption is a very pervasive issue that has affected the entire world as a major threat.   The present study aims to investigating and analyzing the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in the country's sports. The method of this research was practical in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative approach and in terms of method, field and using interview tool. The statistical population was all journalists who reported on corruption, which was selected by the theoretical sampling method of 15 journalists, as the study sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. After conducting 15 interviews, gradually special concepts were identified in the participants' point of view. the data obtained qualitatively and using the coding method of analysis and their views and opinions about the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in 4 main themes and 10 main categories and on They were categorized based on their importance. The findings from the implementation and analysis of the interviews using the coding method show things like; Challenges related to media independence in sports corruption reporting (with three categories), challenges related to work motivation (with two categories), challenges related to interests and conflict (with two categories) and challenges related to media support. have been of great importance in the sports corruption report (with three categories).

  orts are recognized as playing a social role related to the promotion of education, intercultural dialogue and personal growth, regardless of gender, race, age, sport, religion, political affiliation, sexual orientation and socio-economic background. However, the population of elite sports women has always been smaller than men. Some of the gender gap in sports is closing, but it still remains due to some biological differences that affect performance. The scientific discussion on this issue is based on the dimming of this difference. Therefore, this research was investigated with the aim of conceptualizing championship from the point of view of elite female athletes. For this purpose, 18 sports elites were selected purposefully and based on women's snowball strategies for unstructured private interviews, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, selective and theoretical codes. It was analyzed and analyzed. The results showed that the reconstruction and construction of gender identity has been obtained as a personality category of the model, that the factors of gaining power, desire for change and agency were identified around this issue, and other social, cultural, individual, economic and sports concepts were identified in this regard. . Based on this model, it is recommended that the concept of gender and women's identity be given more attention and the program be made in the development of championship sports for gender justice.

Today, tourism is the largest service industry in the world. Even many developed and developing countries, tourism has been a priority of their economic. The tourism industry is gaining a lot of its demand through mixed marketing. The present study seeks to achieve a realistic model of effective marketing mix in the nature-oriented sports tourism industry in the Lorestan province (west of Iran) and to investigate the effect of marketing mix strategy in attracting sports tourists. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected by library and field methods (questionnaire). The sample population was 217, which were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance) were used to analyze the data. To determine the normality of the data from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and after the data were found to be normal, parametric statistics (one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation) and linear regression were used in   21 software. The results of correlating P4 marketing mixed variables (product, price, Place and promotion) with the capabilities of nature-oriented sports tourism in the Lorestan province have shown that product and Place variables have the highest relationship and coefficient of importance in sports tourism in the study area. In other words, the dependent variable "sports tourism" had a positive and significant correlation with the independent variables "product and Place marketing mix". On the other hand, the independent variable "price marketing mix" with the dependent variable "sports tourism" are inversely correlated. In other words, with rising prices, sports tourism in the study area has been declining.   

   Today, sports and physical activity are considered as the main key to people's health and the development of society. But sometimes the emergence of some challenges and obstacles may have a negative effect on it, based on this, the present research was conducted with the aim of using the opinion of experts in identifying the challenges and obstacles of sports in Kermanshah. The current applied research was a qualitative study with a descriptive-survey implementation. In terms of data collection, it was a field using semi-structured interviews. 15 experts entered the research in a snowball method (until reaching theoretical saturation) from among academic staffs of universities, prominent athletes and experts in the field of sports in Kermanshah. After coding the categories, a total of 113 concepts were identified, whose components in causal terms include: cultural (6 cases), social (3 cases), managerial and technical (5 cases), and economic (4 cases). , in contextual conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (3 cases), economic (3 cases) and legal (2 cases), in intervening conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (6 cases), economic (3 cases), and legal (2 cases), in strategies include: including: cultural (7 cases), educational (4 cases), managerial and technical (7 cases), economic (5 cases) case), media (4 cases), legal and legal (5 cases) and facility facilities (5 cases) and finally in the consequences including: cultural-social (8 cases), economic (3 cases) and healthy lifestyle (5 cases). Based on the current findings, there are certain challenges and obstacles in the sports of Kermanshah according to the opinion of experts, which should be resolved in order to develop sports in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is recommended that the policy makers of Kermanshah look at these challenges and strategies resulting from the current research as a guide and use them to increase the tendency towards sports and its growth and development. Keywords: Development, Cultural Challenge, Cultural Barriers, Culture, Sports.

  One of the topics in the sociology of sports is recognizing the reasons for withdrawing from sports activities, and since in Iran, most research has been done on barriers to participation in sports activities and research on withdrawal or withdrawal. Therefore, there is no need to provide a model of factors affecting the withdrawal from martial arts activities that are consistent with the ideas and views of Iranian society and meet many needs. There are sports managers in the planning. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to respond to this need in several stages. The best method for conducting this research in terms of design was a combination of research designs that were done in two parts: qualitative and quantitative and consecutively.In the first stage, the concepts and definitions of withdrawal from sports and the background of the research were examined. In the second stage, during a qualitative study, the factors affecting the withdrawal from martial arts activities were identified to be used to design a questionnaire. In the third stage, according to the identified factors, during a quantitative study, the pattern of factors affecting the withdrawal from martial arts was drawn and the obtained factors were prioritized. The results of this study can provide a complete basis for the reasons for leaving martial arts

  Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal communication and emotional culture on organizational identity in the Department of Sports and Youth in the west of the country. The method of this research is descriptive and correlational studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of the West (Kermanshah, Ilam, Sanandaj, Lorestan) (4900 people). Due to the impossibility of access to all members, through random-stratified sampling, the desired number has been selected as a sample. Morgan table (357 people) is used to determine the sample size. Out of this number, 335 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the prevalence of coronavirus. Research questionnaires are taken from the research of Yu et al. (2020). Thus, 6 questions are related to organizational identity, 4 questions are related to emotional culture and 8 questions are related to internal communication. Formal and content validity was confirmed using the opinions of 8 professors of sports management. The validity of the construct was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. In the descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings of the above table, internal communication is 0.27 effective on organizational identity and emotional culture is 0.61 effective on organizational identity. Also, the coefficient of significance shows that the indicators are greater than the value of 1.96 and it can be concluded that both variables have a positive and significant effect on organizational identity. Therefore, it is suggested that internal communication and emotional culture in the organization be improved. Keywords: Internal communication, emotional culture, organizational identity, sports and youth

Customer satisfaction and loyalty has always been one of the most important parts of sports consumer behavior and efforts in the field of consumer management try to provide these two characteristics of customers. With the complexity of the existing market and current changes such as quarantine conditions, successful clubs will be able to provide the best conditions in any field of service and welfare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of determining the effect of organizational rapid response capabilities on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all customers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province. Sampling and its volume based on the maximum magnification index and the opinion of structural equation experts, 200 were considered. According to the conditions of coronary care, the researcher designed the questionnaire online and asked the club managers to provide the answer link to the customers of the clubs. 350 questionnaires were visited and finally 210 complete and flawless questionnaires were entered into the analysis. Individuals completed a sample questionnaire that included 4 sections (personal information, loyalty questionnaire (? = 0.92), organizational FRO (? = 0.94) and customer satisfaction (? = 0.94)). The level of significance in this study was considered equal to 0.05. The research design was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis and all questionnaires were approved in terms of reliability and validity. Data analysis was performed using    software and Amos version 16. The statistical index of each section of the questionnaire showed that the present questionnaire is suitable for measuring the mentioned variables. In this study, the mean age of these people was 33.60 59 5.59, of which 70 were women and 130 were men. The bachelor's degree had a higher frequency of 48%, with most of them having been in sports clubs for more than two years (40%). Data analysis using Emos software indicated the fit of research models. Path coefficient studies showed the confirmation of research hypotheses in the sense that the organizational responsiveness (FRO) variable has been able to improve customer satisfaction (? = 0.52) and loyalty (? = 0.88) and its dimensions (loyalty). Cognitive (? = 0.81), emotional loyalty (? = 0.66) and voluntary loyalty (? = 0.78) are effective. These results showed that the managers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province, if they want to have loyal and satisfied customers, can use the factor to provide a quick response capability. Key words: Marketing, FRO model, Loyalty, Customer, Fitness club, Structural equations   

  Investigating the effect of Extended Technology Acceptance Model developed on the use of online education during the covid-19 in Physical Education students

in all human societies, and the corona virus and home quarantine, which lasted for two years, have led to the spread of inactivity. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to encourage exercise and physical activity at home in the Covid-19 pandemic among the community: A study of Kermanshah province which was conducted in two parts: In the first part of the study, in an interview The semi-structured was given to a group of sports experts and in the second part, the identified items were given to people living in Kermanshah province in the form of a questionnaire

  the effect of interaction in instagram on profssional athlees brandimage with the moderator role of the variables relationship quality,authenticity and atteachment

consequence of women's football becoming a brand.   

   Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of strategic leadership on performance improvement with emphasis on the mediating role of organizational learning. The descriptive-survey research method and the statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the General Directorate of Sport and Youth Affairs of the three provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Hamadan (250 people). According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970), the sample size was 150 individuals. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of strategic leadership of Lear (2012), Kaplan & Norton (2001) organizational performance questionnaires and Gomez et al. (2005) organizational learning capability assessment. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses. Finally, the research model was validated using SMART PLS software. The results showed that strategic leadership directly affects the organizational performance of employees and indirectly through organizational learning on the organizational performance of employees. It can be concluded that managers of sport organizations can provide the ground for enhancing organizational learning among employees by providing essential attention to organizational learning factors and using strategic leadership style in the organization and thus improve organizational performance.

  Review Adventurous tourism is a kind of tourism that has a somewhat accompanied risk and has a special physical activity and skills in it, the nature is a person to challenge and strive to take the effort. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of tourism based on adventure sports Is Kermanshah. Research in terms of nature is an exploratory and applied research and is also used in qualitative study phase of the grounded theory. The population of this study was 14 experts and experts in the field of sport tourism, using qualitative method and snowball and theoretical saturation index was used to sample of the research community. Data collection tool was a library study and a deep interview. In the present study, the method of agreement within the subject to calculate the reliability of the interviews has been used that the reliability between the two Kdgozar was determined using the formula, 76%. In the data analysis phase, after reviewing and library studies as well as data coding in qualitative, open and axial coding were performed. In this research, territorial and regional factors, as causal conditions, laws and regulations, human resource training as the underlying conditions, management factors, support and informing as confounding conditions, investment, training and advertising, tourism management as a strategy to control, The management and response to the phenomenon are adopted, are considered. Also, in this theory, economic, social, cultural categories are considered as consequences and outcome. The results of this study showed that Kermanshah Province has high natural potentials for tourism adventurous sports, but in the sub-manufacturing sector are deficient. It also showed that the development of adventure tourism in the province has positive and influential consequences. Key words: Adventure tourism, qualitative research, feasibility study, Kermanshah, sport

  AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sport event innovation on consumer behavior using structural equation modeling. At first, dimensions and themes related to sport event innovation and consumer behavior were identified and then relationships between variables were identified. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. The first questionnaire is related to sport event innovation and consists of 7 dimensions and 36 questions. The second questionnaire is related to consumer behavior and includes 3 dimensions and 11 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability and the reliability of both questionnaires was evaluated as desirable. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletic students of Razi University with 280 students and 280 questionnaires distributed among the respondents. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and determine the relationships between variables. Data were analyzed using    and LISREL statistical software. According to the analysis of the research hypotheses, the results confirm all the research hypotheses.Keywords: Innovation, Behavioral Intentions, Brand Equity, Customer Satisfaction, Sporting Event

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of strategic thinking and strategic agility on strategic performance measurement systems at the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was all experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (400). Sampling was done by random sampling of 196 individuals. For collecting data, three standard questionnaires of strategic thinking, Manourian et al. (2012), Strategic Agility Hawaii and colleagues (2017), and strategic performance of Matthew Hall (2004) were used. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis was used to investigate the validity of the questionnaire and the structural equation modeling with Liserl software to present the research model. The results of the research showed that the model was well fitted and all the paths (hypotheses) were confirmed with high confidence. The results of the research also showed that sport organizations should use the resources of external resources to utilize the reactive ability in the environment in order to properly use resources, prevent passive state and compete in the environment. Their strategic performance. Key words Strategic Thinking, Strategic Agility, Strategic Performance, Ministry of Sports and Youth  

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strategic decision-making and strategic control system on organizational performance among experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran. The study method was descriptive-survey and in terms of purpose was applicable. The statistical universe contained all experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran (400) of which 214 persons were selected according to Morgan’s table by using stratified random sampling. To collect information, three questionnaires such as Elbanna’s standard strategic decision-making (2008), strategic control system of Heybidin et al. (2016) and organizational performance of Ahmadi et al. (2013) were used.    22 and Lisrel 8/70 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a remarkable relation between strategic decision-making, strategic control system and organizational performance. Therefore, managers of sportive organizations should pay huge attention to the principles of strategic decision-making and strategic control system so from this way they can reinforce the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization and achieve the organizational goals.  

  AbstractAs a recent variable, strategic entrepreneurship has found a special place among many researchers in the world as a key factor for growth and acquisition of wealth and satisfaction of customers of different institutions, including sport organizations. the main purpose of this study is the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on performance by emphasizing the strategic role of competitive advantage in sport clubs in the west of the country. the present study is descriptive - survey. the population of this study consisted of managers and heads of all western sports clubs in the west. The sampling method in this research was stratified random and was considered as the sample based on the Cochran formula 261. The research tools included the Strategic Entrepreneurship Questionare of Malek Ehlagh (2014), the competitive advantage Questionare of Lili et al. (2006) and the business performance Questionare of Holly et al. (2009). For analyzing data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, dispersion and center-to-center) and inferential (Structural Equation Modeling Methodology) were used with    22 and Amos 24 softwares. It should be noted that quantitative statistical analysis was performed with a level of error of 0.05. based on the results, strategic entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on competitive advantage and on employee performance of western sports clubs. Competitive advantage has also a positive and significant impact on the business performance of employees of western sports clubs in the country. Furthermore, among the components of strategic entrepreneurship, only entrepreneurial mind was not competitive, as well as the elements of the resources administration and innovation on performance. As it is clear, the survival and growth of each organization in terms of various factors including: growth, innovation, performance evaluation, and improving it in competitive market and so on. It has to be noted that there has never been a research with this field in sport organisations. therefore, the researcher suggests that the results of this research can be considered the attention of many organizations and sport institutions in order to obtain factors such as profit and wealth, growth of innovation, acquisition and retention of customer satisfaction, acquisition and retention of customers ' competitive market and etc. Overall, the results of this study indicate that strategic entrepreneurship and its components can play a very important role in meeting the goals and improving the performance of any organization, particularly in terms of financial and financial performance, in addition to the aforementioned factors. according to the results, managers of western sports clubs have more emphasis on improving the impact of strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the organization to increase their business performance.Keywords: Strategic Entrepreneurship, Competitive Advantage, Business Performance, Sports Club, West Country.

  The aim of this research was to explain the relationship between human resources strategies, and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and statistical population of this research consisted of all experts of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Iran (400). In a simple random sampling method, 196 people were selected as the sample, Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Data was collected from three Bambergger and M?hlm human resources questionnaires (2000), Tulles strategic human capital (2006) and Ahmadi organizational performance (2013). For data analysis, structural equation modeling and path analysis by LISREL software was used.The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the human resources strategies and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. Among the human resources strategies "multiple and paternal strategy" and among the strategic human capital components, "Human Capital Expansion and Organization Characteristics" had the most effect on organizational performance. Therefore, it is recommended to consider these components in increasing the organizational performance of the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

The purpose of this study was to explain the model of effective factors on the development of environmental culture in sport. The present study was a   descriptive-survey research.The statistical population is consisted of the students of Razi University of Kermanshah. Based on the sample size of Krejci and Morgan samples, 384 students of Razi University have responded to the revised questionnaire of Boehmehrani and Razavi (1393) with a five-point scale Likert scale, which have formal and content validity. It was surveyed by the opinion of professors and experts related to the subject of research, and its reliability was reported using Cronbachs alpha of 0.78.To analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method was used to identify the factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport using    and Lisrel software.The results of the research indicated six factors including factors of education, research, management, structure, culture development and national strategies as factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fit of the model.The findings showed that the factors of education, research, management, structure, culture, and national strategies have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sport. Therefore, to develop the environmental culture in sport, all this should be used and, by doing different work, developed the environment in sport.

The environment consists of everything that surrounds an organism, including natural elements as well as human beings. Like all other animal species that make up the global ecosystem, humans always interact with their environment and partly change that environment. However, humans are the only creatures that can have a significant impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the environmental responsibilities involved in sports organizations. For this purpose, all employees of Sport Development and Maintenance Company were considered as a statistical society. Since the organizations total number of employees was 150, according to the number of pockets, the number of samples was considered equal to the community. The target sample was taken through non-random sampling. Based on the studies, no questionnaire was found. Therefore, based on theoretical foundations, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed in the form of three factors of environmental credibility, environmental expectations and environmental requirements. After verifying the validity of the questionnaire by 7 sports management professors and confirming the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbachs alpha (0.81). After data collection, descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean, standard deviation ...) and inferential statistics (Smyrom Kolmogorov, confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using Amos and   -19 software. After the factor analysis, 8 questions were removed due to a yield less than 0.4. The measurement model and research model were designed based on 18 standard questions. In the tests, the level of P <0.05 was considered significant. The results indicate that environmental responsibility has a significant effect on the two variables of environmental expectations and environmental validity but does not have a significant effect on environmental requirements.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on organizational entrepreneurship among experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, considering the role of mediator of political intelligence. The methodology of this research is descriptive and correlational according to the nature of the subject and the desired goals. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran, numbering 400 people. Using a sample size chart of Grejsi and Morgan sample, 196 people were selected by simple random sampling. The data of this study were conducted through the Transformation Questionnaire of Aurovin Aulivos Bes (1995) with validity and reliability of 0.74 and 0.66, Dowryar et al. (1394), Validity and Reliability Questionnaire (0.71, 0.63) and Kevin and Sliven (1982) Organizational Entrepreneurship Questionnaire Validity and reliability were 0.77, 71 and data analysis was performed by   23 software. The method used to test the hypotheses of the research is Pearson correlation coefficient. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05. Research findings show that there is a meaningful positive relationship between transformational leadership with organizational entrepreneurship and political intelligence, and between political intelligence and organizational entrepreneurship.  

  The Impact of Organizational Identity and Organizational Culture On OrganizationalImage of Sport and Youth Office of Tehran

  AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to research on Effect of stadium atmosphere and impulsivity on impulse buying of sport products. impulse buying is spur of the moment ,unplanned decision to buy , made just before a purchase .which is effected buy environment and personality .   The population of the study consisted of football spectators of Tehran Azadi stadium , because of the uncertainty of the number of population, according to Kukran formula sample size was equal to 380 people which selected randomly. In order to collect data   questionnaire of impulse buying by   Chang, H. J.(2011), questionnaire of impulsivity by   Whiteside &Lynam (2001) and stadium atmosphere by Chen, C. Y. (2013)was used. Data analysis done by using the descriptive and inferential statistics include Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Pearson correlation , path analysis of structural equations, Regression and also AMOS-21 and   -22. The results showed that sensation seeking ,one of impulsivity aspects has positive effect on impulse buying .also tow aspects of stadium atmosphere ( facilities , costume and simbols )have positive effect on impulse buying of sport products in football stadiums .  Keywords :impulse buying , stadium atmosphere , impulsivity ,sport product .