Wounds are any damage or disturbance in the natural structure of the skin that can cause the loss of connection and integrity of the body tissue. Due to the importance of the skin as a vital organ and its role in preventing foreign and infectious agents from entering the body, wound management and treatment is a serious and important issue in modern medicine. One of the approaches in the field of wound management is the use of stem cells. Stem cells are used both locally and systemically to treat skin ulcers. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been studied with the potential for proliferation and differentiation as an important candidate in wound management studies. The thirsty plant is one of the native plants of the west of the country, which has been used by local people to treat skin wounds in the past. This plant has antioxidant, antimicrobial and immune-modifying properties. In this study, the effect of simultaneous administration of mesenchymal stem cells and thirsty plant extract in experimental skin wound healing in large laboratory mice was investigated and the quality of wound healing at macroscopic and microscopic levels will be evaluated.

   Abstract This study aims to elucidate the morphometric and morphological details of teeth in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse, 1839) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Linnaeus, 1758) using micro-CT and stereology (n=5). Notably, the hamsters exhibited distinctive roots in their cheek teeth, in contrast to the guinea pigs, where the tooth body extended as a dental root into the alveolar sac, making anatomical diagnosis challenging. ? The first and second cheek teeth of the hamster had four roots, but the last one had three roots. The hamster incisive teeth had a more voluminous pulp cavity compared to those of guinea pigs.? While the ratio differences of arch parameters and enamel thickness were not statistically significant (P?0.05).   The enamel layer in guinea pig incisive teeth were significantly thicker than that in the hamster teeth (P?0.05). Regarding the dentine-tooth width, the difference between the upper incisive teeth of the hamster and guinea pig was significant (P?0.05). The ratio of pulp-tooth volume in all incisive teeth of the hamster was significantly higher than that in the guinea pig’s teeth (P?0.05). Histologically, incisors in both species consist of enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum. Dentin was distinguishable into immature and mature forms in both species, featuring dentinal tubules and a transformation of odontoblast from cylindrical cells near the incisal surface to cuboidal cells near the root apex. Hamster cheek teeth were brachydont with conventional enamel and cementum patterns, whereas guinea pig cheek teeth were hypsodont, exhibiting enamel spaces, cartilage-like cementum, and prominent osteodentin with cellular lacunae. Immunohistochemically, Ki67 proliferation marker was prominently expressed in guinea pig incisor bud-forming cells and some odontoblasts, reflecting active cellular renewal, whereas hamster incisors lacked such proliferative activity. Both species showed absence of pluripotency marker 2-Oct 3/4 in dental pulp and odontoblasts, while S100 protein was present only in mesenchymal cells of hamster incisor pulp. These insights contribute to deeper understanding the evolutionary adaptations in rodent dentition and suggest improved information and methodologies for translational dental studies and selecting more appropriate animal model in dental research. Keywords: Rodent, dental morphology, comparative anatomy, dietary habits, micro-CT scanning

Abstract This study investigates the morphological, morphometric characteristics of thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) in guinea pigs. The main objective of this research is to provide baseline data for comparative studies in veterinary and medical fields, especially in relation to common lumbar diseases. In this study, 5 guinea pigs were examined and morphometric parameters were measured using micro-CT images and macroscopic dissection   and compared with each others. The results showed that 13 thoracic and 6 lumbar discs were identified in guinea pigs. Thoracic discs change from a round shape in the T1-T3 region to triangular and heart-shaped structures in the T4-T13 region, while lumbar discs have a more consistent heart shape. Morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant differences. Lumbar discs were larger than thoracic discs in lateral, dorsal dimensions, and disc area, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus. In particular, a significant increase in lateral width and disc area was observed at lumbar L5 and L6. Histologically, both disc types had well-organized nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplates. The endplates were composed of hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, calcified cartilage, and secondary ossification centers with large vascular channels. Finally, this study demonstrates that although thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs in guinea pigs retain key features histologically, their distinct morphological and morphometric features reflect adaptation to biomechanical demands. However, due to fundamental differences between humans and guinea pigs, the use of this species as a research model for human intervertebral discs should be done with caution.. Keywords: Guinea pig, Intervertebral disc, pine, roRdent, Micro-CT   

  ackground: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal and inflammatory disease caused by feline coronavirus, with no effective treatment available to date. This disease is associated with serum protein alterations and systemic inflammation, often leading to the death of affected cats. Considering the inhibitory effects of remdesivir on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in other similar viral diseases, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of remdesivir on FIP and investigate the proteomic changes induced by treatment. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on cats diagnosed with FIP, randomly selected and treated with remdesivir for four weeks. Serum samples were collected weekly, and protein alterations were analyzed using serum electrophoresis. The resulting data were statistically analyzed, focusing on changes in inflammation-related proteins. Results: The results demonstrated that treatment with remdesivir significantly reduced the levels of inflammation-related proteins, including globulins, and improved serum biochemical indices. Proteomic changes also indicated enhanced health status in treated cats. Furthermore, patterns of serum protein changes were identified as effective markers for predicting treatment success or failure. These markers could determine the appropriate time for discontinuing treatment and prevent unnecessary drug usage. Conclusion: Remdesivir may serve as an effective therapeutic option for reducing inflammation and improving the health of cats affected by FIP. The findings of this study contribute to better therapeutic management of the disease, reduction of side effects associated with prolonged drug use, and optimization of treatment duration. Keywords: Feline infectious peritonitis, remdesivir, coronavirus, proteomics, drug therapy, serum electrophoresis Background: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal and inflammatory disease caused by feline coronavirus, with no effective treatment available to date. This disease is associated with serum protein alterations and systemic inflammation, often leading to the death of affected cats. Considering the inhibitory effects of remdesivir on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in other similar viral diseases, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of remdesivir on FIP and investigate the proteomic changes induced by treatment. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on cats diagnosed with FIP, randomly selected and treated with remdesivir for four weeks. Serum samples were collected weekly, and protein alterations were analyzed using serum electrophoresis. The resulting data were statistically analyzed, focusing on changes in inflammation-related proteins. Results: The results demonstrated that treatment with remdesivir significantly reduced the levels of inflammation-related proteins, including globulins, and improved serum biochemical indices. Proteomic changes also indicated enhanced health status in treated cats. Furthermore, patterns of serum protein changes were identified as effective markers for predicting treatment success or failure. These markers could determine the appropriate time for discontinuing treatment and prevent unnecessary drug usage. Conclusion: Remdesivir may serve as an effective therapeutic option for reducing inflammation and improving the health of cats affected by FIP. The findings of this study contribute to better therapeutic management of the disease, reduction of side effects associated with prolonged drug use, and optimization of treatment duration. Keywords: Feline infectious peritonitis, remdesivir, coronavirus, proteomics, drug therapy, serum electrophoresis

abstract Dislocation of the patella is one of the main causes of lameness in dogs and is one of the most common reasons that send pets to the operating room. In this condition, the patella bone is out of its normal position and the movement of the animal is difficult. Although this condition also occurs in cats, most of the reports are seen in dogs, especially small breed dogs. Dislocation of the patella bone, if it worsens, prevents the normal activity of dogs and creates a big problem for them and their owners. Its abundance statistics have been studied by various researchers. However, despite the growing trend of keeping dogs in the last few years, no information regarding the investigation of this condition in Kermanshah city was found during the search in the available scientific source  

چكيده كلستاز يكي از بيماري هاي شايع متابوليك است. كلستاز ناشي از نقص عملكرد سلول كبدي و انسداد در مجاري صفراوي است. تجمع اسيدهاي صفراوي باعث افزايش در توليد راديكال‌هاي آزاد اكسيژن در سلول هاي كبد و ميتوكندري سلول‌ها مي‌شود. در نهايت، آسيب كبدي ناشي از كلستاز باعث تخريب ساختار بنياني واحد عملكردي كبد شده و عملكرد كبد را مختل مي كند. اسكولين يك مشتق كوماريني است كه داراي اثرات آنتي‌اكسيداني و ضد التهابي است كه مي‌تواند در درمان ضايعات كبدي ناشي از كلستاز مفيد باشد. جهت ارزيابي اثر اسكولين بر درمان ضايعات كبد، فيبروز كبدي مدل BDL (Bile duct ligation) در 30 سر موش صحرايي ايجاد شد. 10 سر موش صحرايي نيز به عنوان گروه نرمال مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. حيوانات كلستاتيك به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم خواهند شد؛ گروه كنترل كلستاز (بدون درمان)، گروه كلستاز درمان با اسكولين 20 ميلي‌گرم/كيلوگرم و گروه كلستاز درمان با اسكولين 40 ميلي‌گرم/كيلوگرم. موش‌هاي گروه درمان، يك هفته پس از القا كولستاز تجربي، به مدت 2 هفته تحت درمان با اسكولين (گاواژ بصورت روزانه) قرار گرفتند. پس ار پايان آزمايش و اخذ خون، حيوانات آسان‌كشي شده و نمونه‌هاي بافت كبد براي مطالعات هيستوپاتولوژي، مولكولي (بيان ژن‌هاي interleukin-1? (IL-1?)، Transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1)   و Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?)) و بيوشيميايي (اندازه‌گيري هيدروكسي پرولين، پروتئين كربونيله، ليزيل اكسيداز بافتي، ظرفيت تام آنتي كسيداني، مالون دي آلدئيد، سوپراكسيد ديسموتاز، ميلوپراكسيداز   و گلوتاتيون پراكسيداز) استفاده گرديد. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان داد كه اسكولين مي‌تواند سطح آنزيم‌هاي كبدي را در موش هاي مبتلا به كلستاز كنترل و مقادير اين آنزيم ها را نسبت به گروه كنترل BDL كاهش دهد. همچنين اسكولين سطح آلبومين و پروتئين تام را در گروه‌هاي درماني نسبت به گروه كنترل BDL افزايش داد و باعث كاهش مقدار بيلي‌روبين تام شد. درمان با اسكولين تأثير قابل توجهي بر كاهش استرس اكسيداتيو داشت، و باعث كاهش غلظت‌ مالون‌دي‌آلدئيد و پروتئين كربونيله در گروه‌هاي درماني شد. همچنين اسكولين باعث كاهش مقدار هيدروكسي پرولين و گليكوزآمينوگليكان‌ها و كاهش بيان ژن‌هاي IL-1?، TGF-?1 و   TNF-?در بافت كبد موش‌هاي گروه درمان گرديد. در مطالعات هيستوپاتولوژيك نيز اسكولين توانست ساختار بافت كبد را به طور قابل‌ملاحظه‌ايي بهبود دهد و باعث كاهش هيپرپلازي مجراي صفراوي، نكروز پارانشيم كبد و التهاب شود. بنابر اين اسكولين داراي اين پتانسيل است كه به عنوان يك درمان دارويي جهت بهبود كلستاز مورد توجه قرار گيرد و در تحقيقات مشابه، جنبه‌هاي اثربخشي آن با جزييات يسشتري مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. كلمات كليدي: كلستاز، انسداد مجاري صفراوي، فيبروز كبدي، اسكولين   

مرغ مينا يكي از پرندگاني است كه به عنوان پرنده خانگي و زينتي نگهداري مي‌شود‌. با توجه به شرايط نگهداري و سيستم گوارشي –كبدي خود پرنده، بيماري كبد چرب و ذخيره آهن از شايع ترين بيماري ها در اين گونه از پرندگان است كه بيشترين علت ارجاع پرنده به كلينيك مي‌باشد. هدف مطالعه حاضر مقايسه نشانگرهاي كلينيكال پاتولوژي و راديولوژي با تأكيد بر نشانه هاي عارضه ليپيدوز كبدي و بيماري ذخيره آهن در مرغان مينا‌ (Acridotheres tristis) ارجاعي به كلينيك‌هاي دامپزشكي كرمانشاه مي‌باشد. در اين مطالعه از 30 مرغ ميناي ارجاعي به كلينيك هاي كرمانشاه، پس از گرفتن تاريخچه و معاينه، با اخذ رضايت كتبي از صاحب پرنده، خون‌گيري از وريد بال(Brachial vein)صورت خواهد گرفت، سرم خون پس از جداسازي براي بررسي و ارزيابي پارامترهاي بيوشيميايي همچون سنجش ميزان پروتئين كل، آلبومين،تريگليسيريد، آهن و آنزيم هاي كبدي در فريزر با دماي منفي 20 درجه سلسيوس نگهداري خواهد شد. همچنين براي ارزيابي پراكسيداسيون چربي در سرم، ميزان مالون‌دي‌آلدهيد سنجيده خواهد شد. از تمام پرنده‌ها عكس راديولوژي با حالت گماري در دو وضعيت شكمي پشتي و جانبي تهيه شده و مورد ارزيابي قرار خواهد گرفت. در صورت امكان آزمايش تكميلي بيوپسي كبدي انجام و با رنگ آميزي هماتوكسيلين-ائوزين، اسيد پريوديك شيفت و ماسون تري كروم انجام خواهد شد. داده هاي به دست آمده از نتايج آزمايش ها بصورت ميانگين و انحراف استاندارد بوده و با استفاده از آزمون t مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته و همچنين براي بررسي ارتباط نتايج از ضريب همبستگي پيرسون استفاده خواهد شد. 

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     Today, the tendency to use medicinal plants to heal digestive wounds has increased.   Heracleum persicum plant is traditionally used in the treatment of digestive problems. Different parts of the H. persicum plant contain many secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids,… and furanocoumarins. Due to its high antioxidant capacity, many effective components, and the use of this plant in traditional medicine to solve digestive problems, there is a possibility that this combination is effective in protecting stomach ulcers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of H. persicum plant on gastric ulcer caused by ethanol in rats was investigated. 49 rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups and were treated for 14 days as follows: negative control (physiological serum), positive control (physiological serum), comparative control (omeprazole), antioxidant control ( vitamin C) and treatment 1, 2 and 3 (extract of   H. persicum plant with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). In addition, all the groups, except the negative control, received absolute ethanol on the 15th day and were euthanized 4 hours later, and their stomachs were taken for histopathological and biochemical test   sampling was done. The results showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract caused a significant reduction in the development of gastric ulcers compared to the control group, which among the treated groups, the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest inhibitory effect on gastric ulcers. In addition, reduction of the wound area, reduction of necrosis in the anterior third, reduction or absence of submucosal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells and mild to moderate congestion or bleeding were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the investigation of oxidative stress factors, treatment with H. persicum extract increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased the total oxidant status, and decreased the amount of malondialdehyde. The results of this study showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract, especially the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg, has a significant protective effect against the development of stomach ulcers. The protective effect of H. persicum extract on gastric ulcer can be due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and immune system modulating activity. Keyword(s):   H. persicum extract, gastric ulcer, rat

  Osteoarthritis is one of the most common skeletal problems that affects millions of people around the world and makes life difficult for these people. There are many methods for inducing osteoarthritis in various researches, which are divided into two general categories: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical method includes surgical methods. including a variety of surgical models, including partial or complete meniscectomy, medial meniscus destabilization, meniscal tear, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament amputation, medial and/or external collateral ligament amputation, cartilage defect, and osteotomy is Among the mechanical methods, cutting the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the common methods for causing osteoarthritis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that can differentiate into different tissues such as cartilage, osteocyte and fat cells. Together, stem cells secrete nutritional, vascular, and immunosuppressive factors that have a paracrine effect on tissue resident cells (TRC). Mesenchymal stem cells are usually obtained from bone marrow, but with today's knowledge, these cells can be isolated from different tissues such as skeletal muscle, synovial membrane, and fat tissue. It has recently been found that extracting stem cells from adipose tissue is more suitable due to less invasiveness and risk. In adult animals, adipose tissue accumulates mostly in the area of the arm, thigh, subcutaneous part of the abdomen, omentum, and fat around internal organs such as kidney and liver. The amount of body fat depends on the physical condition (obesity/thinness) of the animal or human, but the amount of omentum has a fixed value. Also, the access to omentum tissue is easier than other tissues and it is more efficient than subcutaneous fat tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mesenchymal cells extracted from the omentum in the treatment of experimental osteoarthritis in a rabbit animal model. For this purpose, 22 pieces of adult male rabbits, with an average weight of 1300 ± 200 grams, will be used, and in all rabbits, after anesthesia, the anterior cruciate ligament of the left knee will be cut. After 12 weeks, two pieces of rabbit will be humanely euthanized and osteoarthritis will be confirmed using radiology and microCT. Other rabbits are divided into 4 groups of 5. The first group is the control group, which does not receive any treatment. The second group will be treated with omentum mesenchymal cells, the third group will be treated with hyaluronic acid, and the fourth group will be combined treatment with mesenchymal cells and hyaluronic acid. 8 weeks after treatment, all animals will be humanely euthanized and subjected to microCT and pathology studies. It is expected that by comparing the treatments that have been carried out, it will provide a suitable treatment method for osteoarthritis.

   Abstract Objective: Propofol and ketamine-diazepam are two of the most widely used protocols for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in dogs. Anesthesia and surgery disrupt the balance between antioxidants and free radicals produced by the body, which can cause oxidative stress. Therefore, choosing appropriate anesthesia protocol in order to improve the treatment and health of the patient, have particular importance. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the serum oxidative stress markers of these two anesthesia protocols for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in female dogs to choose a better TIVA regimen.   Method: Ten female mixed-breed, approximately 1.5-year-old dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups (5 dogs in each group). In group 1 (g1) ketamine (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) were used for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia. In group 2 (g2) propofol (4 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg/min) was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia respectively. The anesthesia in g2 was maintained by route of continuous infusion. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed routinely in all dogs. Blood samples were taken through the cephalic vein before anesthesia induction (T1), and one hour (T2), and 24 hours (T3) after anesthesia induction. Blood serum was separated by centrifugation. The serum samples were used for measuring the oxidative stress markers including; total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) using commercial kits. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated based on TOS to TAC ratio. Data were analyzed using a linear model in GraphPad Prism 9 software considering the significant level of p<0.05. Results: Although OSI (TOS/TAC) increased during anesthesia in two groups, it was significantly lower in g2. MDA level was significantly lower in this group only at T2. In addition, the NO level was significantly lower at T3, and the GPx level was significantly higher at T2 in g1. Conclusion: In TIVA for OHE in dogs, Propofol has the less oxidative effect (based on the TOS, OSI, and NO measures) than ketamine-diazepam. Even the antioxidant effect of propofol may be higher than ketamine-diazepam (based on the TAC and GPx measures). Keywords: Propofol, Ketamine, Diazepam, Oxidative stress, Serum, anesthesia.

  Choosing the right and safe anesthetic regimen is always animportant part of many surgeries. Therefore, the use of appropriate analgesicsin patients undergoing surgery is necessary to reduce the pain and prevent theincrease of oxidative stress factors (glutathione pathway). Among these drugs,ketoprofen and meloxicam can be used as NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects ofketoprofen and meloxicam on the glutathione pathway in ketamine-xylazineanesthesia in rats. 80male rats aged 5 weeks were purchased. 5 rats were sampled from the heart, then75 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. For each blood sampling 5 heads wereselected. 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia, the control group receivedsaline and the groups 1and 2 received ketoprofen and meloxicam respectively bysubcutaneous rout in the same volume. The ketamine-xylazine combination wasthen injected intraperitoneally to anesthetize all rats. Sampling times were;before induction, 30 and 60 minutes, and 24 and 48 hours postinduction. Afterseparating the blood serum, the serum levels of oxidized glutathione, glutathione, glutathione peroxidaseand glutathione reductase were measured by calorimetry usingcommercial kits. In surgeries where analgesia under 24 hours is moreimportant, it is better to use ketoprofen, and if analgesia after 24 and 48hours is important, it is better to use meloxicam.