ikooo, [22.04.25 10:31] Intestinal malignancy presents a worldwide health concern. 1 A significant hurdle in therapeutic intervention involves neoplastic resistance to pharmacological agents, a phenomenon often linked to imbalances within the redox regulatory framework. Zinc oxide nanostructures have demonstrated antineoplastic properties by perturbing this equilibrium. Biocompatible fabrication techniques have positioned ZnO    as a potentially advantageous strategy. The current investigation explores the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, generated via both conventional chemical routes and environmentally friendly biogenic pathways, on crucial markers of cellular oxidation and the antioxidant defense network in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. These markers encompass malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). The central objective is to contrast the impact of these nanostructures on the fluctuations of these indicators and to elucidate the contribution of these alterations to the initiation of programmed cell death within HT-29 cells. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced using a sustainable biogenic approach employing pomegranate fruit rind extract. The active phytochemical constituents of the plant-derived material were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulting nanostructures underwent comprehensive analysis utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurements, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 2 The findings substantiated the formation of nanostructures exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline arrangement, nanoscale dimensions, and both spherical and hexagonal shapes. 3 Biogenically fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated in parallel with chemically synthesized counterparts on HT-29 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results indicated that the biogenic nanoparticles displayed more pronounced cytotoxic effects, with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 80.28 ?g/mL. Quantification of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant molecules revealed an elevation in MDA levels coupled with a reduction in SOD and GSH concentrations in the group treated with the biogenic nanoparticles. Acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and 4?,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assays corroborated the induction of apoptosis in malignant cells exposed to the biogenic nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through an eco-friendly method utilizing pomegranate peel extract exhibit considerable promise in enhancing the treatment of colorectal cancer by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance within cancerous cells

  

اين مطالعه به منظور درك هرچه بهتر ارتباط ميان يافته هاي باليني ، هيستوپاتولوژيك و بيان پروتئينهاي مرتبط با آپوپتوز(BCl-2,P53) در اندومتر سگهاي ارجاعي به كلينيكهاي سطح شهر كرمانشاه براي جراحي اوريوهيستركتومي طراحي شده است. مجموع 25 رحم خارج شده به روش جراحي انتخابي، از سگهاي ماده بين سنين 2 تا 12 سال، ابتدا مورد بررسي باليني و هيستوپاتولوژي از جهت وجود هيدرومتر، موكومتر، پايومتر و هيپرپلازي كيستي اندومترقرار گرفته و سپس ماركرهاي BCl-2و P53 با تكنيك ايمونوهيستوشيمي در بافت رحم لوكاليزه و رديابي ميشوند. از حيوانات انتخاب شده قبل از عمل جراحي نمونه خون گرفته شده و ميزان هورمونهاي استراديول ، پروژسترون و فاكتورهاي خوني حيوان ارزيابي ميشوند.

مقادير اندازه‌گيري شده در نمونه‌هاي پاتولوژيك همچنين با مقادير اندازه‌گيري شده در نمونه‌هاي سالم از لحاظ باليني، هيستولوژي بافت رحم، ايمونوهيستوشيمي ماركرهاي مذكور و پارامترهاي خوني 5 قلاده سگ كه مورد اواريوهيستركتومي انتخابي قرار مي‌گيرند مقايسه خواهند شد.

  

This study aims to incorporate Chrysanthemum indicum petals’ extract (CIE) into the carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers by the electrospinning technique and design corn starch- chitosan (CS-CH) aerogels enriched with encapsulated CIE 6% and montmorillonite (MMT, 0.5%) by freeze-drying process to track the freshness of rainbow trout fillets using corresponding pH-sensitive aerogels during 6 days of storage at chilled conditions. The thickness, water solubility, moisture content, and water vapor sorption capacity of developed CS-CH aerogels were 0.38 -0.39 cm, 5.49% - 59.80%, 0.10% - 0.17%, and 0.24% - 4.12%, respectively. The color of pH-sensitive CS-CH + CIE 6% and CS-CH + CIE 6% + MMT 0.5% aerogels was red, purplish-red,blue, peacock blue, and brown at pH 1-4, 5-6, 7, 8, and 9-10, respectively. After 4 days of refrigerated storage of the rainbow trout fillets, the initial white color of the CS-CH + CIE 6% and CS-CH + CIE 6% + MMT 0.5% aerogels rapidly turned blue, while the total viable count, psychrotrophic bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen, and pH of the samples reached 7.34  log CFU/g, 5.89 log CFU/g, 25.59 mg N/100 g, and 7.12, respectively, indicating that the samples spoiled and is no longer acceptable for human utilization.

Keywords: pH-sensitive label, electrospinning, freshness monitoring  

Colorectal cancer is one of the most significant health threats, with current treatments facing challenges such as severe side effects and cellular resistance. Inducing apoptosis has emerged as an innovative approach to overcoming these obstacles. Green-synthesized nanoparticles have shown great promise in this regard. These nanoparticles can effectively eliminate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis while minimizing side effects.

In this in vitro study, aimed at evaluating antitumor potential and apoptosis induction, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO   ) were synthesized via a green method using ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum). Initially, bioactive compounds in the pomegranate peel extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The nanoparticles were subsequently characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results confirmed the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, nanoscale size, and spherical and hexagonal morphology.

The antitumor effects and apoptosis-inducing capabilities of green-synthesized ZnO    were compared with chemically synthesized ZnO    on colorectal cancer cells (HT-29). MTT assay results demonstrated that green-synthesized ZnO    exhibited stronger dose-dependent cytotoxic effects than their chemically synthesized counterparts. The IC50 value for green-synthesized nanoparticles was determined to be 80.28 µg/mL, indicating higher cytotoxicity compared to chemically synthesized ZnO   . Acridine orange/propidium iodide and DAPI staining techniques revealed a significant increase in apoptosis in cancer cells treated with green-synthesized ZnO   . Furthermore, immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis showed a significant increase in p53 protein levels and a substantial decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression in these cells (p ? 0.0001).

These findings indicate that green-synthesized ZnO    exert stronger cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells compared to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that green synthesis of ZnO    using pomegranate peel extract (P.G.) offers much higher potential for inducing cellular apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell growth. These findings open new horizons in cancer nanotechnology, suggesting that green-synthesized ZnO    could serve as a promising therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.

Keywords: Apoptosis, BCL-2, p53, colorectal cancer cells HT-29, zinc oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, immunocytochemistry (ICC).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and fatal types of cancer. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, the limitations and side effects of current treatments underscore the urgent need for novel and more effective approaches. Among these, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO   ) have emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy due to their significant antitumor properties and the feasibility of environmentally friendly synthesis methods. While numerous studies have explored the antitumor effects of ZnO   , the precise mechanisms of action and their relationship with alterations in tumor marker expressions, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), remain inadequately understood.

This study aims to elucidate the dual effects of green-synthesized ZnO    on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and their impact on the expression of these tumor markers, contributing to the personalization of treatments and improvement of therapeutic outcomes for CRC patients. Additionally, to assess the role of synthesis methods in nanoparticle efficacy, the results of green-synthesized ZnO    were compared with those of chemically synthesized ZnO   .

Green synthesis of ZnO    was performed using ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum). Bioactive compounds in the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results confirmed the formation of nanoscale particles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, spherical and hexagonal morphology.

The antitumor effects of the green-synthesized ZnO   , compared to chemically synthesized ZnO   , were evaluated on colorectal cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed that green-synthesized ZnO    exhibited stronger dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells than their chemically synthesized counterparts, with an IC50 value of 80.28 µg/mL. DAPI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining demonstrated significant tumor cell growth arrest in cancer cells treated with green-synthesized ZnO   . Furthermore, ELISA analysis showed a substantial reduction in tumor biomarkers CEA and KRAS.

The findings of this study suggest that integrating novel therapeutic approaches, including the application of green-synthesized ZnO    using ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (P.G.), along with precise evaluation of multiple tumor biomarkers, could lead to significant advancements in targeted and effective colorectal cancer therapies.

Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, colorectal cancer cells, HT-29, tumor biomarkers, ELISA, DAPI staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide.

  

Cyclosporine is a widely used immunosuppressant drug that helps the body accept a tra  lanted organ by reducing the activity of T lymphocytes. However, it can cause toxicity in various organs, including the kidneys. Alpha-pinene is a cyclic monoterpene with strong antioxidant effects. So the current study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of alpha-pinene on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups (n = 7). They were subjected to oral treatment for 21 consecutive days as follows: negative control (normal saline), positive control (normal saline), comparative control (vitamin C: 100 mg/kg), and two experimental groups (alpha-pinene with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg). Additionally, cyclosporine was administered intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg) for 21 days in all groups except the negative control. After the end of the treatment period, on the 22nd day, blood was taken from the heart of the animals under anesthesia, and then by deepening the anesthesia, the animals were euthanized and their kidneys were removed to investigate the histopathology and immunohistochemistry as well as oxidative stress indices evaluation. The results indicated that treatment with alpha-pinene led to a reduction in serum urea and creatinine levels, as well as an improvement in the histopathological lesions caused by cyclosporine. Also, the finding showed that alpha-pinene decreased the apoptotic process by lowering the p53 protein and increasing Bcl2. It also significantly inhibited the oxidative stress caused by cyclosporine in the kidney tissue by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde and increasing superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated that treatment with alpha-pinene had a significant protective effect against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity, comparable to that of vitamin C, possibly due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

Abstract

Introduction and aim: skin is one of the important organs in aquatic animals, especially bony fish and amphibians. Due to its specialized cells and structures, it plays a role not only in the obvious function of protection against environmental factors but also in maintaining and regulating osmotic balance, sensory perception, and the secretion of certain substances. The health status of the skin and its structural changes reflect the health of the fish and are key to understanding the progression of diseases and the impact of environmental changes on fish. On the other hand, fish skin today has applications in other industries such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, human and animal nutrition, and also in cellular and tissue research, leading to an increasing interest in its study. This interest aims not only to reduce costs associated with environmental pollution from fish farming waste but also to utilize these resources in other fields. Therefore, understanding fish skin and its structures is of great importance. In this study, the skin of the Longspine Scarper (Paracapoeta trutta Heckle 1843), as one of the native fish of the western region of the country, will be examined using light microscopy, and the surface ultrastructure of the skin will be studied using scanning electron microscopy.

Material and method: In the present study, five specimens of long-finned black fish were caught from the Sirvan River at the site of the Daryan Dam. After being transferred to the histology laboratory, 1 cm by 1 cm skin samples were taken from the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the anterior and posterior regions and immersed in containers containing fixative solution. After fixation, the samples underwent tissue processing, and tissue sections were prepared. Subsequently, the tissue sections were subjected to general staining and specific staining with Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue, and were examined using a light microscope. Necessary images were captured with a digital camera. Histometric analysis was performed using ImageJ software, and the resulting data were subjected to statistical analysis. Additionally, tissue samples from the dorsal and ventral skin of the fish were taken, and after fixation and dehydration, they were sent to the electron microscopy laboratory for processing and to obtain electron images of their surfaces.

Result: The results of this study showed tha, the skin of the the Longspine Scarper consisted of three structural layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis comprised a living and active stratified squamous epithelium made up of epithelial cells in three forms: cylindrical to cuboidal on the basement membrane, polygonal, and flat squamous at the surface of the epidermis. Additionally, goblet and club cells were observed among the epithelial cells. The dermis was divided into two layers, loose and dense, beneath the basement membrane, extending to broad muscle bundles, and contained blood vessels, pigment cells, and fat cells, which also encompassed the scales. From a histometric perspective, the thickness of the epidermis on the ventral surface in both anterior and posterior regions was greater than that on the dorsal surface, with the thickness in the posterior regions being greater than in the anterior regions. In counting secretory cells, the craniodorsal and caudoventral regions had the highest number of goblet and club cells, showing a significant difference (P<0.05) compared to other studied regions. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the comparison of two cell populations in each region, except for the anterior ventral region in the other three regions. The scales of the black longfin fish were of the cycloid type, and in the ultrastructural study using an electron microscope, the arrangement of scales on the skin surface and their posterior regions covered by the epidermis were observable, along with the patterns of micro-ornamentation of the surface cells and the head pores among them. The structural features of the surface scales included rounded protrusions and transverse grooves, and their arrangement in the anterior, posterior, and lateral regions of each scale was similar to cycloid scales in other related species. However, the eccentricity of the focus area, the convex anterior and posterior edges, and the central and short lateral line canal in the scales along the lateral line were distinctive features of this species' scales

Conclusion: the general structure of the skin tissue of Longspine scarper was similar on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. However, the skin thickness on the ventral surface was greater than that on the dorsal surface. Additionally, from a histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural perspective, it was similar to other freshwater fish

Keywords: Longspine Sca

Spermatogonial stem cells are reproductive stem cells that serve as the basis of spermatogenesis to maintain fertility. However, it is important to be able to preserve these cells for a long time and prevent possible damage during the freezing process. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the protective effects of selenium-containing medium on stem cell freezing. For this purpose; Goat testicle samples were prepared by referring to Bistun Slaughterhouse in Kermanshah. Then the samples were sent to the laboratory and the testicular parenchyma tissue was removed and the stem cells were isolated by mechanical and enzymatic method. Then the treatment was added to four control groups, selenium with a dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml along with the freezing solution was added to the cell fluid. Then they are incubated in DMEM medium containing 1% fetal calf serum for 72 hours at 38°C and after separating the suspended spermatogonial cells, the percentage of cell viability is evaluated. In order to freeze SSCs, the basic freezing medium with selenium dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml is used and the cells are kept at 4°C for 2 hours and then at -80°C for 24 hours and finally to The nitrogen tank was transferred. In order to measure different levels of antioxidants (including SOD, CAT, MDA, GPx and TAC), all the tested groups were tested and analyzed after thawing and finally the obtained data were statistically analyzed. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that the administration of selenium caused a significant increase in the percentage of survival after the freezing process (p<0.05). By examining antioxidant levels, it was found that selenium with its antioxidant properties affects all antioxidant indices and causes a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05), an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD). ), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p<0.05) and the best effectiveness was related to the dose of 1 mg/ml. Therefore, in order to protect and increase the quality of spermatogonial stem cells during the freezing process, the use of selenium can be beneficial and the use of selenium supplements is recommended.

Abstract

  

Background: Cancer is one of four most life threatening diseases in human. Chemotherapy is one of the common routes of cancer treatment. One of the mechanism of action of cisplatin is induction of Oxidative stress, cell damage and as a result of these, initiation of apoptosis process in cells. Whereas cisplatin acts non-selectively, in addition to tumoral cells, it has some bad effects on normal cells too. Syringic acid is a phenolic compound having kinds of therapeutic properties like antioxidant effects. With due attention to past studies, protective effect of syringic acid on oxidative strees induced by cisplatin in some tissues like liver, kidney and ovary were proven. This study is conducted with the aim of investigation of protective effect of syringic acid on cisplatin induced testicular damage in adult male rats.

  

Material and methods: thirty five male Wistar rats were divided to five groups of seven. 1- Group of receiving saline 2-Group of receiving saline and Cisplatin 3-Group of receiving Vitamin C with a dose of 150 mg/kg and Cisplatin 4-Group of receiving Syringic acid with a dose of 50 mg/kg 5-Group of receiving Syringic acid with a dose of 100 mg/kg. Duration of study was 14 days and animals were administered daily with Syringic acid and Vitamin C orally and also given Cisplatin with a dose of 7 mg/kg in day 8 as a single dose intraperitoneally. At the end of treatment course, animals after weight measurement, were euthanized. After getting blood sample and harvesting testicles, weight and size of each testis was recorded. Amount of MDA, SOD and TAC in testis tissue, testosterone concentration in blood serum was measured and histopathological section of testis tissue with H&E staining was done. Datas were analysed with reversed variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey pursuance test.

  

Results: SOD and TAC levels of group receiving Cisplatin were meaningfully lower than control group (P<0.05). Increase in amount of these parameters in groups receiving Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg in relation with Cisplatin group was evaluated (P<0.05). In Cisplatin group, MDA levels were meaningfully greater than control group (P<0.05). Decrease of this factor in groups receiving Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg in relation with Cisplatin group was recorded (P<0.05). In addition, testosterone levels of Cisplatin group was meaningfully lower than control group (P<0.05). Significant increase in testosterone levels in Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg versus with Cisplatin group was observed (P<0.05). With administration of Cisplatin, size and weight of testicles were decreased in relation to control group considerably (P<0.05). Although administration of Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg could increase theses parameters meaningfully (P<0.05). In addition, based on histopathological investigation in different groups, administration of Vitamin C and Syringic acid wth a dose of 50 mg/kg improved seminiferous tubules health, number and accumulation of leydig cells in relation with Cisplatin group, but improvement of these factors in testicular tissue in a group which received Syringic acid with a dose of 100 mg/kg was significantly greater than other groups in relation to Cisplatin receiving group.

  

Conclusion: Syringic acid probably has protective effects against testicular damage caused by cisplatin administration.

  

Keywords: Syringic acid, Cisplatin, Testis, Rat, Antioxidant, Chemotherapy

  

  استفاده وسيع از داروهاي شيميدرماني در درمان انواع سرطانها منجر به ايجاد سميت در ارگانهاي مختلف از جمله كليه ميشود. دوكسوروبيسين از جمله اين داروهاست كه سميت كليوي آن به اثبات رسيدهاست. از آنجايي كه سيرينجيك اسيد، يك آنتياكسيدان معروف و از دسته فنوليكاسيدها ميباشد، در اين مطالعه بر آن شديم تا اثرات محافظتي احتمالي سيرينجيك اسيد بر سميت كليوي ناشي از دوكسوروبيسين را مورد بررسي قرار دهيم. در اين مطالعه از 35 سر موش صحرايي ويستار نر استفاده خواهد شد. حيوانات به صورت تصادفي به 5 گروه تقسيم شده و به مدت 14 روز بهصورت ذيل تحت تيمار بهروش خوراكي قرار ميگيرند: كنترل منفي )سرم فيزيولوژي(، كنترل مثبت )سرم فيزيولوژِي(، كنترل مقايسهاي )ويتامين C )و تيمار 1 و 2 )سيرينجيك اسيد با دوزهاي 50 و 100 ميليگرم بر كيلوگرم(. ضمنا تمامي گروهها بهجز كنترل منفي در روز 11م دوكسوروبيسين درونصفاقي دريافت خواهند كرد. پس از اتمام دوره درمان، حيوانات به مدت 24 ساعت پرهيز غذايي دادهشده و روز 15م آسانكشي شده و از كليهآنها جهت آزمونهاي هيستوپاتولوژي، ايمونوهيستوشيمي )سنجش شاخصهاي مربوط به آپوپتوز شامل -3Caspase و 2BCl )و بيوشيميايي )سنجش شاخصهاي استرس اكسيداتيو شامل مالون دي آلدهيد، سوپراكسيد ديسموتاز و ظرفيت آنتي اكسيداني تام( نمونهگيري خواهد شد.

  

  Today, the tendency to use medicinal plants to heal digestive wounds has increased.   Heracleum persicum plant is traditionally used in the treatment of digestive problems. Different parts of the H. persicum plant contain many secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids,… and furanocoumarins. Due to its high antioxidant capacity, many effective components, and the use of this plant in traditional medicine to solve digestive problems, there is a possibility that this combination is effective in protecting stomach ulcers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of H. persicum plant on gastric ulcer caused by ethanol in rats was investigated. 49 rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups and were treated for 14 days as follows: negative control (physiological serum), positive control (physiological serum), comparative control (omeprazole), antioxidant control ( vitamin C) and treatment 1, 2 and 3 (extract of   H. persicum plant with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). In addition, all the groups, except the negative control, received absolute ethanol on the 15th day and were euthanized 4 hours later, and their stomachs were taken for histopathological and biochemical test   sampling was done. The results showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract caused a significant reduction in the development of gastric ulcers compared to the control group, which among the treated groups, the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest inhibitory effect on gastric ulcers. In addition, reduction of the wound area, reduction of necrosis in the anterior third, reduction or absence of submucosal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells and mild to moderate congestion or bleeding were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the investigation of oxidative stress factors, treatment with H. persicum extract increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased the total oxidant status, and decreased the amount of malondialdehyde. The results of this study showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract, especially the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg, has a significant protective effect against the development of stomach ulcers. The protective effect of H. persicum extract on gastric ulcer can be due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and immune system modulating activity.

Keyword(s):   H. persicum extract, gastric ulcer, rat

انتريت پاروويروس سگ (CPV) يكي از علل مهم مرگ‌ومير در توله‌سگ‌ها علي‌رغم درمان تهاجمي است. يكي از مكان‌هاي حمله ويروس، مغز استخوان بوده و باعث تخريب مخزن پيش‌ساز گرانولوسيتي و متعاقب آن ايجاد نوتروپني و كاهش سطح ايمني مي‌شود. استفاده از سايتوكاين‌هاي تحريك‌كننده مخزن پيش‌ساز گرانولوسيتي يكي از راه‌هاي جبران نوتروپني متعاقب درگيري با پاروويروس است. فيلگراستيم به‌عنوان يكي از مهم‌ترين فاكتورهاي تحريك‌كننده كلني گرانولوسيتي شناخته شده كه باعث بلوغ، تكثير و تمايز نوتروفيل‌ها در مغز استخوان و همچنين افزايش نوتروفيل‌هاي در گردش مي‌گردد. از طرفي در التهابات، توليد ROS افزايش‌يافته و عدم تعادل بين راديكال‌هاي آزاد و سيستم آنتي‌اكسيداني باعث افزايش توليد گيرنده‌هاي G-CSF مي‌شود. انجام مطالعه براي روشن‌تر شدن اثرات استفاده از آن در شرايط بيماري واقعي ضروري به نظر مي‌رسيد. به همين منظور 20 قلاده سگ مبتلا به انتريت پاروويروسي و نوتروپني شديد پس از تشخيص اوليه به دو گروه تقسيم شدند. يكي از گروه‌ها (تعداد 10 سگ) تزريق زير جلدي 10 ميكروگرم در كيلوگرم وزن بدن فيلگراستيم هر 24 ساعت داشت و گروه ديگر هم حجم آن آب مقطر به‌صورت زير جلدي دريافت كردند. در اين مطالعه تغييرات تعداد كل لكوسيت‌ها (TLC)، تعداد نوتروفيل‌ها، تغييرات پارامترهاي خوني و غلظت آلبومين، كورتيزول و پروتئين واكنشي C   (CRP) به‌عنوان فاكتورهاي پيش بيني بقا و نشانگرهاي استرس اكسيداتيو كه شامل، انديس استرس اكسيداتيو (OSI)، مالون‌دي آلدهيد (MDA) به‌عنوان شاخص پراكسيداسيون چربي، سوپراكسيدديسموتاز و فعاليت آنزيم ميلوپراكسيداز در سرم حيوانات موردمطالعه هر 24 ساعت به مدت 5 روز مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت همچنين بررسي ارتباط بين نشانگرها همچنين اثر آن‌ها بر روي روند درمان بيماران موردمطالعه قرار گرفت.

انتريت پاروويروس سگ (CPV) يكي از علل مهم مرگ‌ومير در توله‌سگ‌ها علي‌رغم درمان تهاجمي است. يكي از مكان‌هاي حمله ويروس، مغز استخوان بوده و باعث تخريب مخزن پيش‌ساز گرانولوسيتي و متعاقب آن ايجاد نوتروپني و كاهش سطح ايمني مي‌شود. استفاده از سايتوكاين‌هاي تحريك‌كننده مخزن پيش‌ساز گرانولوسيتي يكي از راه‌هاي جبران نوتروپني متعاقب درگيري با پاروويروس است. فيلگراستيم به‌عنوان يكي از مهم‌ترين فاكتورهاي تحريك‌كننده كلني گرانولوسيتي شناخته شده كه باعث بلوغ، تكثير و تمايز نوتروفيل‌ها در مغز استخوان و همچنين افزايش نوتروفيل‌هاي در گردش مي‌گردد. از طرفي در التهابات، توليد ROS افزايش‌يافته و عدم تعادل بين راديكال‌هاي آزاد و سيستم آنتي‌اكسيداني باعث افزايش توليد گيرنده‌هاي G-CSF مي‌شود. انجام مطالعه براي روشن‌تر شدن اثرات استفاده از آن در شرايط بيماري واقعي ضروري به نظر مي‌رسيد. به همين منظور 20 قلاده سگ مبتلا به انتريت پاروويروسي و نوتروپني شديد پس از تشخيص اوليه به دو گروه تقسيم شدند. يكي از گروه‌ها (تعداد 10 سگ) تزريق زير جلدي 10 ميكروگرم در كيلوگرم وزن بدن فيلگراستيم هر 24 ساعت داشت و گروه ديگر هم حجم آن آب مقطر به‌صورت زير جلدي دريافت كردند. در اين مطالعه تغييرات تعداد كل لكوسيت‌ها (TLC)، تعداد نوتروفيل‌ها، تغييرات پارامترهاي خوني و غلظت آلبومين، كورتيزول و پروتئين واكنشي C   (CRP) به‌عنوان فاكتورهاي پيش بيني بقا و نشانگرهاي استرس اكسيداتيو كه شامل، انديس استرس اكسيداتيو (OSI)، مالون‌دي آلدهيد (MDA) به‌عنوان شاخص پراكسيداسيون چربي، سوپراكسيدديسموتاز و فعاليت آنزيم ميلوپراكسيداز در سرم حيوانات موردمطالعه هر 24 ساعت به مدت 5 روز مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت همچنين بررسي ارتباط بين نشانگرها همچنين اثر آن‌ها بر روي روند درمان بيماران موردمطالعه قرار گرفت.

The use of ?-tocopherol in the freezing environment prevents lipoperoxidation and damage by ROS (reactive oxygen species). However, the effects of these antioxidants in goat sperm have not been studied. In order to prepare goat testicular spermatogonial stem cells, the testicles of immature goats slaughtered in Biston industrial slaughterhouse were used. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were isolated from the testis. The percentage of life of spermatogonial stem cells before and after freezing was evaluated. The samples were divided into three control groups, treatment 1 (100 mM alpha-copherol plus basic medium) and treatment 2 (200 mM alpha-copherol plus basic medium). Catalase tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) test, total antioxidant capacity index (TAC), glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde test results) were measured. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's supplementary test (Duncan Test), the effects of different concentrations of alpha-copherol were investigated, and values of P<0.05 were considered as significant level. The results of our study showed that supplementing sperm with alpha-tocopherol does not have a toxic effect on the life of sperms, on the other hand, it increases the amount of antioxidants catalase (P<0.05), superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (P> 0.05) compared to frozen sperm without alpha-tocopherol supplementation. However, the addition of alpha-tocopherol increases the oxidant of glutathione peroxidase compared to frozen sperm without the addition of alpha-tocopherol, although this relationship was not significant (P>0.05), but no increase was observed compared to malondialdehyde. Rather, it caused this oxidant significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05).   In general, adding alpha-tocopherol to the freezing medium optimizes goat sperm freezing. The use of this antioxidant can help preserve sperm physiology and fertilization capacity during cryopreservation and is an essential biotechnological tool for genetic

improvement and conservation of small ruminant species of interest.  

The objective of this study was to investigate thepattern of changes in vaginal epithelial cells and serum progesterone andestrogen concentrations during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy inmultiparous Synjabi ewes. The ewes (n=20) 45 to 60 days in milk weresynchronized by intramuscular administration of GnRH (day 0)-PGF2? + hCG (day7) and insertion of a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) (days0-7). At day 7, the ewes were introduced to four fertile rams and observed forestrus behavior. On exhibiting estrus signs, the ewes (n=14) were allocatedrandomly to the study groups: 1) Pregnant (n=9): the ewes were allowed to bemated, then isolated and housed in a separate location. 2) Non-pregnant (n=5):the ewes were not allowed to be mated and isolated from the rams immediatelyafter being detected in estrus. From the first day of exhibiting estrus signs(day 0) until day 20, mucosal samples were collected daily from the anteriorvagina of all ewes using a cytobrush and three smears were prepared from eachsample. The smears were stained using Giemsa staining and studied under lightmicroscopy (Objective: x40) to count cell types. The percentage of each cell typewas calculated as the number of the corresponding cell type counted within 10microscopic fields divided by the total number of all cell types. Blood sampleswere collected via puncture of the jugular veins of all animals intonon-heparinized plastic tubes every other day beginning at day 0 andtransmitted to the laboratory within one hour to determine changes in serumconcentrations of progesterone and estrogen during the first 20 days afterestrus detection. The serum was obtained after centrifugation (3000x g, 15minutes), and stored at -20 ^?C until hormonal assay using ELISA.Pregnancy diagnosis in the Pregnant group was performed 35 days post-mating bytransrectal ultrasound and the pregnant ewes (n=5) served as the Pregnantgroup, while those that were non-pregnant, were excluded from the study. Theresults showed difference in the percentage of vaginal epithelial cells amongvarious stages of estrus cycle and early pregnancy. In estrus and metestrus, nosignificant differences were observed in the percentage of each cell typebetween both groups. In these stages, the greatest and the least percentages ofthe cells were those of the superficial and parabasal cells,respectively. In diestrus, neutrophils and the keratinized cells were greatestin the Pregnant and Non-pregnant ewes, respectively. In this stage, thepercentage of superficial cells showed a remarkable reduction in both thePregnant and Non-pregnant groups. The number of intermediate cells reduced inthe Non-pregnant group but at the same time, they were constant in the Pregnantgroup. The parabasal cells were the least cell population in both groups. Inthe last 4 days of sampling, neutrophils were the greatestcells in the Pregnant group, whereas thesuperficial cells were greatest in the Non-pregnant group. At this stage,neutrophils showed a considerable reduction in the Non-pregnant group, but thenumber of parabasal and intermediate cells were significantly increased. At day0, serum progesterone concentrations were <1 ng/ml in both groups. Then itgradually increased to reach   its maximumconcentration. Maximum progesterone concentrations were maintained in thePregnant group until day 20, but in the Non-pregnant group they started to decrease from day 16 and reached <1ng/ml on days 18 to 20. The highest levels of estrogen were observed on day 0in both groups, then reached <2 pg/ml and remained at this level until theend of the period, whereas in the Non-pregnant group, estrogen concentrationsagain returned to the maximum values on day 18. In conclusion, the results ofthe present study showed that vaginal cytology can be used as a useful tool inassessing hormonal and physiological characteristics of the reproductive systemof ewes and thus provides a more accurate understanding of the physiology ofthe estrus cycle and early pregnancy in ewes, which can be used to improve

reproductive management.  

5-Fluorouracil is one of the most conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with colon cancer over the past several years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and TRPC6 gene expression in rat erythrocytes after administration of 5-fluorouracil in order to find a suitable method to reduce the harmful effects of this drug on blood factors. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 210g were divided into four groups of Low, Medium, High and control doses. In the treatment groups with 5-FU drug respectively, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, and in the control group, the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily to each rat. Clinical signs were evaluated during the study. At the end of the 5-day period, all rats were weighed and blood samples were taken from the heart and then, serum and RBC were transferred to the laboratory for evaluation of hematologic parameters, oxidative stress indices and gene expression. Statistical analysis of data was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 9. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the significant differences between the groups and the level of significance of differences (P<0.05) was considered. The results of this study showed that there is significant weight loss in both high and medium dose groups. Hematocrit and RBC levels were significantly reduced compared to the control group except for the low dose group. Leukocyte counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Changes in hemoglobin level were meaningless, but in all treatment groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Total Oxidative Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) except for the oxidative index in medium dose group in serum, were significantly higher than the control group   and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) decreased significantly in all groups except the medium dose group in serum. The levels of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in RBC in all treatment groups were significantly reduced. The amount of Nitric Oxide (NO) enzyme increased significantly in medium dose of serum sample and also significantly increase in both low and high doses in RBC sample. Also, in the study of TRPC6 gene expression, the expression of this gene significantly increased in high and medium doses of 5-FU. Therefore, it can be concluded that administration of 5-FU drug in the treatment of cancer can cause oxidative stress in red blood cells and this oxidative stress increases the expression of TRPC6 gene in the membrane of erythrocytes and then causes apoptosis in them. Thus, it is recommended that physicians and veterinarians to be carefull in prescribing it to patients with blood problems and anemia.

  

  

Choosing the right and safe anesthetic regimen is always animportant part of many surgeries. Therefore, the use of appropriate analgesicsin patients undergoing surgery is necessary to reduce the pain and prevent theincrease of oxidative stress factors (glutathione pathway). Among these drugs,ketoprofen and meloxicam can be used as NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects ofketoprofen and meloxicam on the glutathione pathway in ketamine-xylazineanesthesia in rats. 80male rats aged 5 weeks were purchased. 5 rats were sampled from the heart, then75 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. For each blood sampling 5 heads wereselected. 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia, the control group receivedsaline and the groups 1and 2 received ketoprofen and meloxicam respectively bysubcutaneous rout in the same volume. The ketamine-xylazine combination wasthen injected intraperitoneally to anesthetize all rats. Sampling times were;before induction, 30 and 60 minutes, and 24 and 48 hours postinduction. Afterseparating the blood serum, the serum levels of oxidized glutathione, glutathione, glutathione peroxidaseand glutathione reductase were measured by calorimetry usingcommercial kits. In surgeries where analgesia under 24 hours is moreimportant, it is better to use ketoprofen, and if analgesia after 24 and 48hours is important, it is better to use meloxicam.

Fear-Related Behaviors and Diffrent Types of fear Evoking Stimule in Household Domestic Dog(Canis familaris) of