Introduction and Objective:

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal malignancies worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, including high toxicity and drug resistance, necessitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their biocompatibility and favorable biological properties. This study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract and evaluate their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 lung cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using hydroalcoholic nettle extract. Characterization was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The biological effects on A549 cells were assessed using MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, and caspase-3 activity evaluation.

Results:

Characterization analyses confirmed the successful formation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles with predominantly spherical morphology. The nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, significantly reducing A549 cell viability. However, no significant change was observed in caspase-3 activity, while increased ROS generation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential indicated activation of apoptosis pathways. Morphological and nuclear alterations consistent with apoptosis were also observed.
Conclusion:

Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract effectively induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These findings highlight their potential as promising candidates for the development of novel anticancer therapies.

Keywords:

Iron oxide nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Urtica dioica, Lung cancer, A549, Oxidative stress, Apoptosis

  

  Wounds are any damage or disturbance in the natural structure of the skin that can cause the loss of connection and integrity of the body tissue. Due to the importance of the skin as a vital organ and its role in preventing foreign and infectious agents from entering the body, wound management and treatment is a serious and important issue in modern medicine. One of the approaches in the field of wound management is the use of stem cells. Stem cells are used both locally and systemically to treat skin ulcers. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been studied with the potential for proliferation and differentiation as an important candidate in wound management studies. The thirsty plant is one of the native plants of the west of the country, which has been used by local people to treat skin wounds in the past. This plant has antioxidant, antimicrobial and immune-modifying properties. In this study, the effect of simultaneous administration of mesenchymal stem cells and thirsty plant extract in experimental skin wound healing in large laboratory mice was investigated and the quality of wound healing at macroscopic and microscopic levels will be evaluated.

  

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the morphometric and morphological details of teeth in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse, 1839) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Linnaeus, 1758) using micro-CT and stereology (n=5). Notably, the hamsters exhibited distinctive roots in their cheek teeth, in contrast to the guinea pigs, where the tooth body extended as a dental root into the alveolar sac, making anatomical diagnosis challenging. ? The first and second cheek teeth of the hamster had four roots, but the last one had three roots. The hamster incisive teeth had a more voluminous pulp cavity compared to those of guinea pigs.? While the ratio differences of arch parameters and enamel thickness were not statistically significant (P?0.05).   The enamel layer in guinea pig incisive teeth were significantly thicker than that in the hamster teeth (P?0.05). Regarding the dentine-tooth width, the difference between the upper incisive teeth of the hamster and guinea pig was significant (P?0.05). The ratio of pulp-tooth volume in all incisive teeth of the hamster was significantly higher than that in the guinea pig’s teeth (P?0.05). Histologically, incisors in both species consist of enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum. Dentin was distinguishable into immature and mature forms in both species, featuring dentinal tubules and a transformation of odontoblast from cylindrical cells near the incisal surface to cuboidal cells near the root apex. Hamster cheek teeth were brachydont with conventional enamel and cementum patterns, whereas guinea pig cheek teeth were hypsodont, exhibiting enamel spaces, cartilage-like cementum, and prominent osteodentin with cellular lacunae. Immunohistochemically, Ki67 proliferation marker was prominently expressed in guinea pig incisor bud-forming cells and some odontoblasts, reflecting active cellular renewal, whereas hamster incisors lacked such proliferative activity. Both species showed absence of pluripotency marker 2-Oct 3/4 in dental pulp and odontoblasts, while S100 protein was present only in mesenchymal cells of hamster incisor pulp. These insights contribute to deeper understanding the evolutionary adaptations in rodent dentition and suggest improved information and methodologies for translational dental studies and selecting more appropriate animal model in dental research.

Keywords: Rodent, dental morphology, comparative anatomy, dietary habits, micro-CT scanning

چكيده

سابقه و هدف: زخم به هرگونه آسيب و يا اختلال در ساختار طبيعي پوست گفته مي شود. مديريت و درمان زخم، يك موضوع جدي و مهم در پزشكي نوين است. يكي از رهيافت‌ها در زمينه‌ي مديريت زخم استفاده از سلول‌هاي بنيادي ميباشد. سلول‌هاي بنيادي هم به صورت موضعي و هم به صورت سيستميك براي درمان زخم‌هاي جلدي مورد استفاده قرار ميگيرند. سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي مشتق شده از بند ناف جنين انسان(ژله وارتون) با داشتن پتانسيل تكثير و تمايز به عنوان يك كانديد مهم در مطالعات مربوط به مديريت زخم، بررسي شده‌اند. انتقال سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي از طريق تزريق يا تجويز موضعي به طور مستقيم ميتواند باعث ايجاد مرگ سريع سلولي شود. از اين رو راهبردهاي متفاوتي بر اساس استفاده از مواد و داربست‌ها با هدف افزايش چسبندگي، پروليفراسيون و تمايز سلول‌ها به كار گرفته ميشود. يكي از انواع داربست‌هاي استفاده شده در مهندسي بافت، داربست‌هاي نانوفيبر الكتروريسي شده هستند.  اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي كارايي سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي ژله وارتون بارگذاري شده بر داربست نانوفيبر ساخته شده از پلي لاكتيك اسيد / صمغ كتيرا و عصاره پوست انار با روش الكتروريسي ، در ترميم زخم تجربي در موش بزرگ آزمايشگاهي با كمك بافت شناسي و ايمونوهيستوشيمي انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌كار: پس از تهيه پودر پوست انار، عصاره هيدروالكلي پوست آن به روش خيساندن آماده شد. داربست مورد نظر در اين مطالعه با كمك دستگاه الكتروريسي مستقر در آزمايشگاه بهداشت مواد غذايي دانشكده دامپزشكي دانشگاه رازي ساخته شد و عصاره پوست انار در تركيب داربست با نسبت 25/1% استفاده شد. جهت شناسايي داربست از آزمون FTIR وميكروسكوپ الكتروني نگاره استفاده شد. بند ناف جنين full term انسان از بيمارستان بيستون به آزمايشگاه كشت سلول منتقل شده و طبق پروتوكل آزمايشگاه مراحل جداسازي، كشت و پاساژ سلولي انجام شد. جهت سنجش سميت سلولي داربست از آزمون MTT استفاده شد. تعداد 20 سر موش آزمايشگاهي بزرگ نر نژاد ويستار با ميانگين سني دو ماه خريداري و در قفس مخصوص با شرايط محيطي دما 3±22 درجه سانتي‌گراد و سيكل روشنايي(12:12) در خانه حيوانات نگهداري شد و در طول مطالعه، به آب و غذا دسترسي آزاد داشتند. پس از تطابق با شرايط محيطي، موش‌ها با كمك كتامين/زايلازين (ketamine 80 mg/kg & xylazine 10mg/kg) بيهوش شدند. موي سطح پشتي هر موش در محل ايجاد زخم‌ها زده و ضد عفوني شد. در سطح پشتي هر موش، زخم دايرهاي به قطر 20 ميليمتر و با ضخامت كامل ايجاد شد و به طور تصادفي به پنج گروه تقسيم شدند. 1)گروه كنترل منفي 2) گروه تيمارشده با 10⁵ سلول 3) گروه تيمارشده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك‌اسيد/صمغ كتيرا 4) گروه تيمار شده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك اسيد/صمغ كتيرا/عصاره انار 5) گروه تيمار شده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك‌اسيد/كتيرا/عصاره انار بارگذاري شده با 10⁵ سلول . طول مدت تيمار 14 روز بود.. درروزهاي 4، 7، 10 و 14 با كمك دوربين ديجيتال از محل زخم تصاويري اخذ شد و روند ترميم زخم از نظر ماكروسكوپي بررسي شد. پس از 2 هفته، موش‌ها آسان كشي شدند و نمونه‌هاي پوست از ناحيه مورد بررسي اخذ شدند و در محلول فيكساتيو قرار داده شدند. بعد از فيكس شدن بافت ، به روش معمول، مقاطع بافتي از پوست تهيه شد و پس از رنگ آميزي عمومي و اختصاصي با ميكروسكوپ نوري مطالعه و مقايسه شد. همچنين جهت مطالعه ايمونوهيستوشيميايي نمونه‌‌هاي بافتي به آزمايشگاه مربوط ارسال شدند و پروتئينهاي ويمنتين، CD31وki-67 مورد رنگ آميزي و مطالعه قرارگرفتند.

يافته‌ها: ماهيت سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي با نتايج فلوسايتومتري و تمايز به رده سلول‌هاي استخواني و چربي تاييد شدند. ماهيت داربست الكتروريسي شده با آزمون FTIR و تصاوير حاصل از ميكروسكوپ الكتروني روبشي تاييد شد. نتايج آزمون MTT هيچ سميت سلولي‌اي را براي داربست نشان نداد. چسبندگي و تكثير سلول‌ها به داربست نيز با استفاده از تصاوير حاصل از ميكروسكوپ الكتروني تاييد شد.   بررسي روند ترميم زخم به صورت ماكروسكوپيك نشان از بهبود موثر در گروه تيمارشده با داربست حاوي عصاره به همراه سلول نسبت به ساير گروه‌هاي درماني بود. مطالع? هيستوپاتولوژيك و هيستومورفومتريك نمونه‌هاي اخذ شده با رنگ‌آميزي هماتوكسيلين-ائوزين و ماسون‌تري‌كروم نشان داد كه گروه‌ درمان شده با داربست حاوي عصاره به همراه سلول‌ ترميم بهتري در زمينه سنتز مجدد بافت پوششي؛ بافت جوانه گوشتي؛ تجمع كلاژن و   رگزايي مجدد را نشان داده و همچنين ميزان التهاب كمتري در مقايسه با ساير گروه‌هاي درماني و گروه كنترل حاصل شد. در بررسي ايمونوهيستوشيمي و شمارش سلولي، كاهش بيان پروتئين ويمنتين در سيتوپلاسم سلول‌هاي فيبروبلاست لايه درم، كاهش بيان ماركر ki-67   در هسته سلول‌هاي لايه بازال اپيدرم و كاهش بيان ماركر CD31 در غشاي سلول‌هاي اندوتليال عروقي ناحيه درم مشاهده شد.

  

اين مطالعه به منظور درك هرچه بهتر ارتباط ميان يافته هاي باليني ، هيستوپاتولوژيك و بيان پروتئينهاي مرتبط با آپوپتوز(BCl-2,P53) در اندومتر سگهاي ارجاعي به كلينيكهاي سطح شهر كرمانشاه براي جراحي اوريوهيستركتومي طراحي شده است. مجموع 25 رحم خارج شده به روش جراحي انتخابي، از سگهاي ماده بين سنين 2 تا 12 سال، ابتدا مورد بررسي باليني و هيستوپاتولوژي از جهت وجود هيدرومتر، موكومتر، پايومتر و هيپرپلازي كيستي اندومترقرار گرفته و سپس ماركرهاي BCl-2و P53 با تكنيك ايمونوهيستوشيمي در بافت رحم لوكاليزه و رديابي ميشوند. از حيوانات انتخاب شده قبل از عمل جراحي نمونه خون گرفته شده و ميزان هورمونهاي استراديول ، پروژسترون و فاكتورهاي خوني حيوان ارزيابي ميشوند.

مقادير اندازه‌گيري شده در نمونه‌هاي پاتولوژيك همچنين با مقادير اندازه‌گيري شده در نمونه‌هاي سالم از لحاظ باليني، هيستولوژي بافت رحم، ايمونوهيستوشيمي ماركرهاي مذكور و پارامترهاي خوني 5 قلاده سگ كه مورد اواريوهيستركتومي انتخابي قرار مي‌گيرند مقايسه خواهند شد.

  

  .B, [08.03.25 13:59] One of the common dermatological issues is skin wounds and their healing process. The significance of wound healing arises from its high prevalence in both human and veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)/esculin composite on skin wounds in a rat model. A total of 45 male Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups (15 rats per group): control group, bacterial nanocellulose group, and bacterial nanocellulose/esculin group. Bacterial nanocellulose and bacterial nanocellulose/esculin discs were applied to wounds created on the dorsal region of the rats. On days 7, 14, and 21 post-experiment initiation, digital photographs were taken for morphometric evaluation, and tissues were collected to analyze histopathological changes, hydroxyproline content, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels, oxidative/antioxidative parameters, and the gene expression levels of interleukin-1? (IL-1?), transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the wound area. The results revealed that bacterial nanocellulose/esculin significantly reduced wound area compared to both the control and bacterial nanocellulose groups throughout the study period. Furthermore, esculin treatment reduced lymphocyte count compared to the control group, decreased fibroblast count in the early phases, and increased fibrocyte count in the later stages of wound healing. Other parameters such as re-epithelialization, tissue organization, collagen fiber maturation, and larger-sized blood vessels showed significant improvements in the bacterial nanocellulose/esculin group compared to the other groups. In the bacterial nanocellulose/esculin-treated group, dry matter content, glycosaminoglycan levels, and hydroxyproline content were significantly increased during different wound healing stages compared to the control group. Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters also indicated improved antioxidant status in the wound tissue of the bacterial nanocellulose/esculin-treated group, as evidenced by increased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentration. Moreover, esculin treatment significantly modulated gene expression patterns at different stages of wound healing, which clinically contributed to accelerated recovery and reduced inflammatory complications. The findings of this study demonstrated that bacterial nanocellulose/esculin is effective in wound healing. The accelerated wound healing properties of this formulation could be attributed to its effects on vascularization, modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms, and increased collagen and glycosaminoglycan production. Keywords: Bacterial Cellulose, Esculin, Skin Wound, Rat.

برنامه¬ي آوسينك، شامل دو تجويز هورمون آزادكننده¬ي گنادوتروپين (GnRH) به فاصله-ي 9 روز و تجويز پروستاگلاندين F2? (PGF2?) هفت روز بعد از تجويز GnRH نخست (GnRH1) و انجام تلقيح (TAI) 16-18 ساعت پس از تجويز GnRH2، برنامه¬هاي توليد مثلي را مؤثرتر ساخته است. با اين حال، عدم تخمك¬گذاري در پاسخ به GnRH1 ممكن است منجر به نرخ¬هاي آبستني پايين بخاطر تخمك¬گذاري غير همزمان پس از تجويز GnRH2 شود. پژوهش¬ها نشان داده¬اند كه گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني (hCG) مؤثرتر از GnRH در تحريك تخمك‌گذاري در گاوهاي شيري است. با اين حال گزارش شده است كه آغاز كردن پروتكل Ovsynch با hCG نرخ‌هاي تخمك‌گذاري و آبستني را در گاوهاي شيري شيرده افزايش نداد. بنابراين، hCG يك جايگزين مناسب براي GnRH1 نيست. ما فرض كرديم كه درصد گاوهايي كه در پاسخ به GnRH1 تخمك¬گذاري مي-كنند با تجويز همزمان hCG افزايش مي¬يابد. بنابراين در اين مطالعه اثر تجويز همزمان hCG و GnRH1 در مقايسه با تجويز جداگانه¬ي هر يك از آنها بر عملكرد توليد مثلي گاوهاي هلشتاين شيرده مورد بررسي قرار مي¬گيرد. در اين مطالعه 60 رأس گاو بين زايش¬هاي دوم و پنجم كه در روزهاي 3 ± 50 پس از زايش قرار دارند به¬طور تصادفي در گروه¬هاي Ovsynch، hCG (مانند گروه Ovsynch ولي تجويز hCG به¬جاي GnRH1) و GnRH1 + hCG تقسيم و 18-16 ساعت بعد از آخرين تزريق مورد تلقيح قرار گرفتند. گاوها در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 1-، صفر و 1 (TAI = day 0) جهت تعيين نرخ تخمك¬گذاري و در روزهاي 2 ± 30 جهت تعيين نرخ آبستني به روش سونوگرافي معاينه شدند. همچنين جهت سنجش غلظت¬هاي پروژسترون، از وريد وداج همه¬ي دام¬ها نمونه¬هاي خون در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 0، و 12 مطالعه اخذ گرديد. نتايج مطالعه‌ي حاضر نشان داد كه تجويز hCG همراه با GnRH نخست برنامه¬ي آوسينك در گاوهاي شيري شيرده موجب افزايش معني¬دار نرخ¬هاي تخمك¬گذاري اول و دوم، ميانگين قطر فوليكول غالب موج جديد فوليكولي در روز 1- و نرخ آبستني در گاوهاي شيري شيرده نمي¬شود. يكي از محدوديت¬هاي مطالعه¬ي حاضر، تعداد پايين دام¬ها در گروه¬هاي مورد مطالعه بود. بنابراين مطالعات بيشتري با استفاده از تعداد بزرگتري از گاوها مي¬تواند نتايج دقيق¬تري را فراهم نمايد.

لغات كليدي: آوسينك، تلقيح در زمان معين، گاو شيري، نرخ آبستني،   نرخ تخمك‌گذاري، هورمون گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني

  

چكيده

كلستاز يكي از بيماري هاي شايع متابوليك است. كلستاز ناشي از نقص عملكرد سلول كبدي و انسداد در مجاري صفراوي است. تجمع اسيدهاي صفراوي باعث افزايش در توليد راديكال‌هاي آزاد اكسيژن در سلول هاي كبد و ميتوكندري سلول‌ها مي‌شود. در نهايت، آسيب كبدي ناشي از كلستاز باعث تخريب ساختار بنياني واحد عملكردي كبد شده و عملكرد كبد را مختل مي كند. اسكولين يك مشتق كوماريني است كه داراي اثرات آنتي‌اكسيداني و ضد التهابي است كه مي‌تواند در درمان ضايعات كبدي ناشي از كلستاز مفيد باشد. جهت ارزيابي اثر اسكولين بر درمان ضايعات كبد، فيبروز كبدي مدل BDL (Bile duct ligation) در 30 سر موش صحرايي ايجاد شد. 10 سر موش صحرايي نيز به عنوان گروه نرمال مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. حيوانات كلستاتيك به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم خواهند شد؛ گروه كنترل كلستاز (بدون درمان)، گروه كلستاز درمان با اسكولين 20 ميلي‌گرم/كيلوگرم و گروه كلستاز درمان با اسكولين 40 ميلي‌گرم/كيلوگرم. موش‌هاي گروه درمان، يك هفته پس از القا كولستاز تجربي، به مدت 2 هفته تحت درمان با اسكولين (گاواژ بصورت روزانه) قرار گرفتند. پس ار پايان آزمايش و اخذ خون، حيوانات آسان‌كشي شده و نمونه‌هاي بافت كبد براي مطالعات هيستوپاتولوژي، مولكولي (بيان ژن‌هاي interleukin-1? (IL-1?)، Transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1)   و Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?)) و بيوشيميايي (اندازه‌گيري هيدروكسي پرولين، پروتئين كربونيله، ليزيل اكسيداز بافتي، ظرفيت تام آنتي كسيداني، مالون دي آلدئيد، سوپراكسيد ديسموتاز، ميلوپراكسيداز   و گلوتاتيون پراكسيداز) استفاده گرديد. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان داد كه اسكولين مي‌تواند سطح آنزيم‌هاي كبدي را در موش هاي مبتلا به كلستاز كنترل و مقادير اين آنزيم ها را نسبت به گروه كنترل BDL كاهش دهد. همچنين اسكولين سطح آلبومين و پروتئين تام را در گروه‌هاي درماني نسبت به گروه كنترل BDL افزايش داد و باعث كاهش مقدار بيلي‌روبين تام شد. درمان با اسكولين تأثير قابل توجهي بر كاهش استرس اكسيداتيو داشت، و باعث كاهش غلظت‌ مالون‌دي‌آلدئيد و پروتئين كربونيله در گروه‌هاي درماني شد. همچنين اسكولين باعث كاهش مقدار هيدروكسي پرولين و گليكوزآمينوگليكان‌ها و كاهش بيان ژن‌هاي IL-1?، TGF-?1 و   TNF-?در بافت كبد موش‌هاي گروه درمان گرديد. در مطالعات هيستوپاتولوژيك نيز اسكولين توانست ساختار بافت كبد را به طور قابل‌ملاحظه‌ايي بهبود دهد و باعث كاهش هيپرپلازي مجراي صفراوي، نكروز پارانشيم كبد و التهاب شود. بنابر اين اسكولين داراي اين پتانسيل است كه به عنوان يك درمان دارويي جهت بهبود كلستاز مورد توجه قرار گيرد و در تحقيقات مشابه، جنبه‌هاي اثربخشي آن با جزييات يسشتري مورد بررسي قرار گيرد.

كلمات كليدي: كلستاز، انسداد مجاري صفراوي، فيبروز كبدي، اسكولين

  

Abstract

  

Background: Cancer is one of four most life threatening diseases in human. Chemotherapy is one of the common routes of cancer treatment. One of the mechanism of action of cisplatin is induction of Oxidative stress, cell damage and as a result of these, initiation of apoptosis process in cells. Whereas cisplatin acts non-selectively, in addition to tumoral cells, it has some bad effects on normal cells too. Syringic acid is a phenolic compound having kinds of therapeutic properties like antioxidant effects. With due attention to past studies, protective effect of syringic acid on oxidative strees induced by cisplatin in some tissues like liver, kidney and ovary were proven. This study is conducted with the aim of investigation of protective effect of syringic acid on cisplatin induced testicular damage in adult male rats.

  

Material and methods: thirty five male Wistar rats were divided to five groups of seven. 1- Group of receiving saline 2-Group of receiving saline and Cisplatin 3-Group of receiving Vitamin C with a dose of 150 mg/kg and Cisplatin 4-Group of receiving Syringic acid with a dose of 50 mg/kg 5-Group of receiving Syringic acid with a dose of 100 mg/kg. Duration of study was 14 days and animals were administered daily with Syringic acid and Vitamin C orally and also given Cisplatin with a dose of 7 mg/kg in day 8 as a single dose intraperitoneally. At the end of treatment course, animals after weight measurement, were euthanized. After getting blood sample and harvesting testicles, weight and size of each testis was recorded. Amount of MDA, SOD and TAC in testis tissue, testosterone concentration in blood serum was measured and histopathological section of testis tissue with H&E staining was done. Datas were analysed with reversed variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey pursuance test.

  

Results: SOD and TAC levels of group receiving Cisplatin were meaningfully lower than control group (P<0.05). Increase in amount of these parameters in groups receiving Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg in relation with Cisplatin group was evaluated (P<0.05). In Cisplatin group, MDA levels were meaningfully greater than control group (P<0.05). Decrease of this factor in groups receiving Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg in relation with Cisplatin group was recorded (P<0.05). In addition, testosterone levels of Cisplatin group was meaningfully lower than control group (P<0.05). Significant increase in testosterone levels in Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg versus with Cisplatin group was observed (P<0.05). With administration of Cisplatin, size and weight of testicles were decreased in relation to control group considerably (P<0.05). Although administration of Vitamin C and Syringic acid with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg could increase theses parameters meaningfully (P<0.05). In addition, based on histopathological investigation in different groups, administration of Vitamin C and Syringic acid wth a dose of 50 mg/kg improved seminiferous tubules health, number and accumulation of leydig cells in relation with Cisplatin group, but improvement of these factors in testicular tissue in a group which received Syringic acid with a dose of 100 mg/kg was significantly greater than other groups in relation to Cisplatin receiving group.

  

Conclusion: Syringic acid probably has protective effects against testicular damage caused by cisplatin administration.

  

Keywords: Syringic acid, Cisplatin, Testis, Rat, Antioxidant, Chemotherapy

  

  

  Today, the tendency to use medicinal plants to heal digestive wounds has increased.   Heracleum persicum plant is traditionally used in the treatment of digestive problems. Different parts of the H. persicum plant contain many secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids,… and furanocoumarins. Due to its high antioxidant capacity, many effective components, and the use of this plant in traditional medicine to solve digestive problems, there is a possibility that this combination is effective in protecting stomach ulcers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of H. persicum plant on gastric ulcer caused by ethanol in rats was investigated. 49 rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups and were treated for 14 days as follows: negative control (physiological serum), positive control (physiological serum), comparative control (omeprazole), antioxidant control ( vitamin C) and treatment 1, 2 and 3 (extract of   H. persicum plant with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). In addition, all the groups, except the negative control, received absolute ethanol on the 15th day and were euthanized 4 hours later, and their stomachs were taken for histopathological and biochemical test   sampling was done. The results showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract caused a significant reduction in the development of gastric ulcers compared to the control group, which among the treated groups, the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest inhibitory effect on gastric ulcers. In addition, reduction of the wound area, reduction of necrosis in the anterior third, reduction or absence of submucosal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells and mild to moderate congestion or bleeding were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the investigation of oxidative stress factors, treatment with H. persicum extract increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased the total oxidant status, and decreased the amount of malondialdehyde. The results of this study showed that the treatment with H. persicum extract, especially the extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg, has a significant protective effect against the development of stomach ulcers. The protective effect of H. persicum extract on gastric ulcer can be due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and immune system modulating activity.

Keyword(s):   H. persicum extract, gastric ulcer, rat

  Osteoarthritis is one of the most common skeletal problems that affects millions of people around the world and makes life difficult for these people. There are many methods for inducing osteoarthritis in various researches, which are divided into two general categories: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical method includes surgical methods. including a variety of surgical models, including partial or complete meniscectomy, medial meniscus destabilization, meniscal tear, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament amputation, medial and/or external collateral ligament amputation, cartilage defect, and osteotomy is Among the mechanical methods, cutting the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the common methods for causing osteoarthritis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that can differentiate into different tissues such as cartilage, osteocyte and fat cells. Together, stem cells secrete nutritional, vascular, and immunosuppressive factors that have a paracrine effect on tissue resident cells (TRC). Mesenchymal stem cells are usually obtained from bone marrow, but with today's knowledge, these cells can be isolated from different tissues such as skeletal muscle, synovial membrane, and fat tissue. It has recently been found that extracting stem cells from adipose tissue is more suitable due to less invasiveness and risk. In adult animals, adipose tissue accumulates mostly in the area of the arm, thigh, subcutaneous part of the abdomen, omentum, and fat around internal organs such as kidney and liver. The amount of body fat depends on the physical condition (obesity/thinness) of the animal or human, but the amount of omentum has a fixed value. Also, the access to omentum tissue is easier than other tissues and it is more efficient than subcutaneous fat tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mesenchymal cells extracted from the omentum in the treatment of experimental osteoarthritis in a rabbit animal model. For this purpose, 22 pieces of adult male rabbits, with an average weight of 1300 ± 200 grams, will be used, and in all rabbits, after anesthesia, the anterior cruciate ligament of the left knee will be cut. After 12 weeks, two pieces of rabbit will be humanely euthanized and osteoarthritis will be confirmed using radiology and microCT. Other rabbits are divided into 4 groups of 5. The first group is the control group, which does not receive any treatment. The second group will be treated with omentum mesenchymal cells, the third group will be treated with hyaluronic acid, and the fourth group will be combined treatment with mesenchymal cells and hyaluronic acid. 8 weeks after treatment, all animals will be humanely euthanized and subjected to microCT and pathology studies. It is expected that by comparing the treatments that have been carried out, it will provide a suitable treatment method for osteoarthritis.

  Abstract

  

Parvovirus in canids is one of the significant factors contributing to the mortality of puppies, especially from 6 weeks to 6 months of age, with a high prevalence. This virus is the most common cause of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis among the canine population. Since the initial appearance of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) on a global scale in 1978, this virus has undergone rapid evolution and mutation over a short period of time. Consequently, the original CPV-2 strain was replaced in the early 1980s by newly emerging strains known as CPV-2a and CPV-2b. Recently, a third antigenic subtype, CPV-2c, has emerged in several countries, including Iran.

As molecular studies on common strains have not been conducted in Kermanshah city, this study aimed to identify prevalent virus strains among 60 referred dogs to veterinary clinics in Kermanshah city. Additionally, clinical signs and patient profiles were examined and compared based on the infecting strain. Pathological examinations were also conducted on deceased puppies to assess the pathogenicity of the strains and compare their severity. The ARMS-PCR method was utilized to determine the Canine Parvovirus strains in this study.

Based on the results obtained from the ARMS-PCR assay conducted on 60 sampled dogs, 56 samples tested positive for Canine Parvovirus. Among these, 2 samples (%3) were infected with CPV-2a, 29 samples (%52) with CPV-2b, and 25 samples (%45) with CPV-2c.

This study did not find a significant correlation between the infecting strain and the occurrence of specific clinical symptoms. However, a significant  association was observed between the lack of vaccination and an increase in mortality rates among Canine Parvovirus-infected individuals (P<0.05). Furthermore, cases of vaccine failure and dogs infection with this disease caused by the CPV-2c strain have been observed in dogs over one year old with complete vaccination

The microscopic findings demonstrated the presence of fibrinonecrotic enteritis and myocarditis in deceased animals, along with the existence of intranuclear inclusions indicating the presence of the virus in infected cells

Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this study, the CPV-2b strain was identified as the predominant strain in circulation in Kermanshah city. Additionally, the observation of a significantly high rate of cases infected with the new CPV-2c strain is noteworthy. Therefore, continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of the CPV-2 virus are essential not only for identifying potential genetic and antigenic changes that may interfere with vaccine effectiveness but also for a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of CPV-2 and protection of dogs against this deadly disease in Iran.

  Abstract Habronemiasis in Horses is caused by species of Habronema nematode and transmitted by insect carriers, importantly the flies’ species including Muscae domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans. Due to importance of diseases spreading by arthropod carriers, alongside the fact that main horse training centers and farms disregarding this disease and specially its hygienic and economical aspects, this made us up to achieve supporting estimation of ocular Habronemiasis occurrence through certain diagnostic methods for this parasite via molecular tracking and also calculation of Habronema species prevalence at important horse breeding farms and horseracing centers in Kermanshah City. This study was taken place during a 14 month period by observing 41 centers (Horseracing Clubs, Breeding farms and personal stables) and population equal to 385 Horses. By considering clinical history of horses and clinical signs of Ocular Habronemiasis, 28 suspicious horses were detected and grouped in a lower society named “Targets” and they went undergone sampling from lesions of conjunctivae tissue in addition with their environmental disease carrier flies collected as second samples for proving Habronema parasitic presence and investigating Habronema species prevalence through Habronema Genome tracing via Real-time qPCR method. After molecular test procedure and statistically analyzing obtained data, 75% of the suspicious horses were reported Positive for being infected by Habronema, while the positive Targets consists of 61.9% male and 38.1% female. Although the relation of disease occurrence with factors like age of horses, season of disease occurrence, races and body colors was meaningful, indicating about 80.95% of positive targets were from Kurdish race and about 42.85% were Sorrel for their body color. Among the whole 385 horses under observation, horses with age range below 5 years old had the most infection rate and the disease prevalence was at highest peak at summer and after that, at fall. Carrier flies were sampled from suspicious Horses living places, were tested and indicate presence of Habronema Larvae in 92.85% of Targets’ environment. For environments of positive Target horses, all of places had Habronema Larvae detected in flies. As the matter of determination of Habronema species, in molecular investigation of whole positive target samples were reported 92.85% and 7.15% respectively for Habronema muscae and Habronema microstoma. Organized fundamental anti-parasitic treatment programs, sanitizing horsebox floor regularly, preventing from formation of insects attracting places from excrements all over the farm and ultimately medical management of conjunctivitis lesion treatment might be effective in reducing occurrence of ocular Habronemiasis

The objective of this study was to investigate thepattern of changes in vaginal epithelial cells and serum progesterone andestrogen concentrations during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy inmultiparous Synjabi ewes. The ewes (n=20) 45 to 60 days in milk weresynchronized by intramuscular administration of GnRH (day 0)-PGF2? + hCG (day7) and insertion of a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) (days0-7). At day 7, the ewes were introduced to four fertile rams and observed forestrus behavior. On exhibiting estrus signs, the ewes (n=14) were allocatedrandomly to the study groups: 1) Pregnant (n=9): the ewes were allowed to bemated, then isolated and housed in a separate location. 2) Non-pregnant (n=5):the ewes were not allowed to be mated and isolated from the rams immediatelyafter being detected in estrus. From the first day of exhibiting estrus signs(day 0) until day 20, mucosal samples were collected daily from the anteriorvagina of all ewes using a cytobrush and three smears were prepared from eachsample. The smears were stained using Giemsa staining and studied under lightmicroscopy (Objective: x40) to count cell types. The percentage of each cell typewas calculated as the number of the corresponding cell type counted within 10microscopic fields divided by the total number of all cell types. Blood sampleswere collected via puncture of the jugular veins of all animals intonon-heparinized plastic tubes every other day beginning at day 0 andtransmitted to the laboratory within one hour to determine changes in serumconcentrations of progesterone and estrogen during the first 20 days afterestrus detection. The serum was obtained after centrifugation (3000x g, 15minutes), and stored at -20 ^?C until hormonal assay using ELISA.Pregnancy diagnosis in the Pregnant group was performed 35 days post-mating bytransrectal ultrasound and the pregnant ewes (n=5) served as the Pregnantgroup, while those that were non-pregnant, were excluded from the study. Theresults showed difference in the percentage of vaginal epithelial cells amongvarious stages of estrus cycle and early pregnancy. In estrus and metestrus, nosignificant differences were observed in the percentage of each cell typebetween both groups. In these stages, the greatest and the least percentages ofthe cells were those of the superficial and parabasal cells,respectively. In diestrus, neutrophils and the keratinized cells were greatestin the Pregnant and Non-pregnant ewes, respectively. In this stage, thepercentage of superficial cells showed a remarkable reduction in both thePregnant and Non-pregnant groups. The number of intermediate cells reduced inthe Non-pregnant group but at the same time, they were constant in the Pregnantgroup. The parabasal cells were the least cell population in both groups. Inthe last 4 days of sampling, neutrophils were the greatestcells in the Pregnant group, whereas thesuperficial cells were greatest in the Non-pregnant group. At this stage,neutrophils showed a considerable reduction in the Non-pregnant group, but thenumber of parabasal and intermediate cells were significantly increased. At day0, serum progesterone concentrations were <1 ng/ml in both groups. Then itgradually increased to reach   its maximumconcentration. Maximum progesterone concentrations were maintained in thePregnant group until day 20, but in the Non-pregnant group they started to decrease from day 16 and reached <1ng/ml on days 18 to 20. The highest levels of estrogen were observed on day 0in both groups, then reached <2 pg/ml and remained at this level until theend of the period, whereas in the Non-pregnant group, estrogen concentrationsagain returned to the maximum values on day 18. In conclusion, the results ofthe present study showed that vaginal cytology can be used as a useful tool inassessing hormonal and physiological characteristics of the reproductive systemof ewes and thus provides a more accurate understanding of the physiology ofthe estrus cycle and early pregnancy in ewes, which can be used to improve

reproductive management.  

5-Fluorouracil is one of the most conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with colon cancer over the past several years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and TRPC6 gene expression in rat erythrocytes after administration of 5-fluorouracil in order to find a suitable method to reduce the harmful effects of this drug on blood factors. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 210g were divided into four groups of Low, Medium, High and control doses. In the treatment groups with 5-FU drug respectively, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, and in the control group, the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily to each rat. Clinical signs were evaluated during the study. At the end of the 5-day period, all rats were weighed and blood samples were taken from the heart and then, serum and RBC were transferred to the laboratory for evaluation of hematologic parameters, oxidative stress indices and gene expression. Statistical analysis of data was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 9. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the significant differences between the groups and the level of significance of differences (P<0.05) was considered. The results of this study showed that there is significant weight loss in both high and medium dose groups. Hematocrit and RBC levels were significantly reduced compared to the control group except for the low dose group. Leukocyte counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Changes in hemoglobin level were meaningless, but in all treatment groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Total Oxidative Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) except for the oxidative index in medium dose group in serum, were significantly higher than the control group   and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) decreased significantly in all groups except the medium dose group in serum. The levels of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in RBC in all treatment groups were significantly reduced. The amount of Nitric Oxide (NO) enzyme increased significantly in medium dose of serum sample and also significantly increase in both low and high doses in RBC sample. Also, in the study of TRPC6 gene expression, the expression of this gene significantly increased in high and medium doses of 5-FU. Therefore, it can be concluded that administration of 5-FU drug in the treatment of cancer can cause oxidative stress in red blood cells and this oxidative stress increases the expression of TRPC6 gene in the membrane of erythrocytes and then causes apoptosis in them. Thus, it is recommended that physicians and veterinarians to be carefull in prescribing it to patients with blood problems and anemia.

  

بررسي سميت حاد و تحت مزمن عصاره ي هيدرو الكلي اندام هوايي گياه غازياقي (falcaria vulgaris) درموش صحرايي نژاد ويستار: رويكرد توكسيكوپاتولوژيك