Introduction and Objective:Blastocystis is one of the common parasites of the gastrointestinal tract in humans as well as in domestic and wild animals, with a wide geographical distribution worldwide. Due to its high prevalence and its potential role in gastrointestinal disorders, this parasite has always attracted the attention of researchers. Studies have shown that Blastocystis is capable of infecting a variety of hosts, raising the possibility of transmission between humans and animals. Epidemiological investigations indicate that domestic animals may serve as potential reservoirs for this parasite, although their exact role in transmission to humans has not yet been fully clarified. Kermanshah Province, due to extensive livestock activities and close contact between humans and domestic animals, provides favorable conditions for the dissemination of intestinal parasites. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in domestic livestock in this province, aiming to provide baseline.    Materials and Methods: In this study, 410 fecal samples from four livestock species including horses (81 samples), cattle (125 samples), sheep (121 samples) and goats (83 samples) were randomly collected from livestock farms and livestock centers in different cities of Kermanshah province. The samples were obtained fresh and directly by rectal swab in cattle and horses and by anal stimulation in sheep and goats and placed in sterile containers containing an appropriate preservative solution (70% alcohol). After collection, the samples were stored at 4°C and tra  orted to the laboratory as soon as possible. In order to initially investigate the infection with Blastocystis parasite, all samples were subjected to microscopic examination using the wet spread method and Lugel staining and flotation by the Clayton Lane method. The samples were observed using a light microscope at ×100 and ×400 magnifications and the results were recorded accurately. DNA extraction from the studied samples was performed using a kit and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Molecular identification of Blastocystis parasite was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and general primers specific to this parasite based on the SSU rRNA gene including RD5 and BhRDr. Finally, statistical analysis of the data was performed and a statistical significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.    Results: According to the results, the overall prevalence of infection in the microscopic method was reported as 38 cases (9.2%); the highest prevalence was observed in cattle (13.6%) and the lowest in horses (1.2%). The infection rate in sheep was 9% and in goats was 10.8%. By gender, the infection rate in males was 6.8% and in females was 11.3%. Based on age group, animals less than 2 years old were reported to be infected by 1.8% and over 2 years old by 10.3%. In the molecular method, a total of 38 samples (9.2%) were detected positive. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle (12.8%), followed by sheep (10.7%) and goats (10.8%), while no positive cases were detected in horses, which were not statistically significantly different from the microscopic method. By gender, the prevalence of parasites in males was 6.8% and females were 11.3%. Based on age group, the prevalence of parasites in animals under 2 years old was 7.6% and over 2 years old was 10.8%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods in terms of gender and age. Random examination of 20 negative morphological samples by molecular method led to the identification of 3 positive cases, indicating a higher sensitivity of the molecular method compared to the microscopic method.   

   Abstract This study aims to elucidate the morphometric and morphological details of teeth in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse, 1839) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Linnaeus, 1758) using micro-CT and stereology (n=5). Notably, the hamsters exhibited distinctive roots in their cheek teeth, in contrast to the guinea pigs, where the tooth body extended as a dental root into the alveolar sac, making anatomical diagnosis challenging. ? The first and second cheek teeth of the hamster had four roots, but the last one had three roots. The hamster incisive teeth had a more voluminous pulp cavity compared to those of guinea pigs.? While the ratio differences of arch parameters and enamel thickness were not statistically significant (P?0.05).   The enamel layer in guinea pig incisive teeth were significantly thicker than that in the hamster teeth (P?0.05). Regarding the dentine-tooth width, the difference between the upper incisive teeth of the hamster and guinea pig was significant (P?0.05). The ratio of pulp-tooth volume in all incisive teeth of the hamster was significantly higher than that in the guinea pig’s teeth (P?0.05). Histologically, incisors in both species consist of enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum. Dentin was distinguishable into immature and mature forms in both species, featuring dentinal tubules and a transformation of odontoblast from cylindrical cells near the incisal surface to cuboidal cells near the root apex. Hamster cheek teeth were brachydont with conventional enamel and cementum patterns, whereas guinea pig cheek teeth were hypsodont, exhibiting enamel spaces, cartilage-like cementum, and prominent osteodentin with cellular lacunae. Immunohistochemically, Ki67 proliferation marker was prominently expressed in guinea pig incisor bud-forming cells and some odontoblasts, reflecting active cellular renewal, whereas hamster incisors lacked such proliferative activity. Both species showed absence of pluripotency marker 2-Oct 3/4 in dental pulp and odontoblasts, while S100 protein was present only in mesenchymal cells of hamster incisor pulp. These insights contribute to deeper understanding the evolutionary adaptations in rodent dentition and suggest improved information and methodologies for translational dental studies and selecting more appropriate animal model in dental research. Keywords: Rodent, dental morphology, comparative anatomy, dietary habits, micro-CT scanning

در سال هاي اخير، استفاده از بسته بندي هوشمند بر پايه فيلم هاي خوراكي يا زيست تخريب پذير مورد توجه بسياري از محققين قرار گرفته است. در اين نوع بسته بندي با تغيير رنگ فيلم مي تواند فساد وتازگي محصولات مختلف را مشخص نمود. بازهاي فرار كل كه از مواد غذايي پروتئيني در حين فساد توليد مي شوند مي توانند با مولكول هاي آب موجود در فيلم واكنش دهند، و به تبع آن موجب افزايش pH و تغيير رنگ شاخص هاي موجود در پليمر شوند. در اين تحقيق تعيين ويژگي هاي شيميايي، ساختاري و موفولوژي آئروژل هوشمند بر پايه صمغ عربي كربوكسي متيل سلولز حاوي كربن دات آنتوسيانين هاي مشتق از پوست نخود سياه و كاربرد آن در كنترل تازگي فيله مرغ بررسي خواهد گرديد.

S.B, [06.02.25 11:04] In recent decades, microbial resistance has been recognized as one of the greatest challenges in public health. The emergence and spread of antibiotic- resistant bacteria have doubled the necessity for new research to discover effective antimicrobial compounds. In this context, medicinal plants, due to their bioactive compounds, have high potential for producing new drugs. Cannabis sativa L., known for its numerous medicinal properties, is the focus of this study. This research aims to investigate the antimicrobial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts and nanocapsules containing these extracts against two significant and pathogenic bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. The methodology included preparing hydroalcoholic extracts from cannabis plants and synthesizing nanocapsules containing these extracts using advanced nanotechnology techniques. To assess the antimicrobial effects, standard laboratory methods such as determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of the nanocapsules were evaluated to ensure their stability and efficacy. The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the cannabis plant has significant antimicrobial effects against both target bacterial species. However, the nanocapsules containing the cannabis extract demonstrated far greater efficacy due to increased surface contact with the bacteria and improved bioavailability. These nanocapsules were able to inhibit the growth and survival of the bacteria at lower concentrations compared to the pure extract. This study highlights the importance of using nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of herbal medicines and the development of a new generation of antimicrobial agents. This achievement can be seen as a novel step in combating microbial resistance and improving the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. Keywords: Cannabis sativa, hydroalcoholic extract, nanocapsules, antimicrobial effects, microbial resistance, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae  

Keywords: pH-sensitive label, electrospinning, freshness monitoring  

Keywords: Natural colorant; Electrospinning; Freshness indicator

  ermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are mature stem cells that have the ability to self-renew, differentiate and transfer genetics to the next generation. Due to the importance of these cells, recent medical and biological studies have focused on the process of their isolation, purification, diagnosis, cultivation and maintenance. For long-term preservation of cell stocks, freezing is the method of choice. Although freezing makes it possible to preserve cell reserves, it causes oxidative stress in cells.Curcumin is the effective substance of the yellow juba plant, which prevents the production of free radicals and damage to cells with its antioxidant properties. In order to preserve the reserves of spermatogonial cells, it is necessary to improve the freezing environment. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of curcumin on the survival and quality of frozen testicular stem cells after thawing in order to improve the freezing environment in goats.

AbstractMolecular investigation of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in raw milk of sheep and goat herds in Kermanshah province. Introduction: Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) is one of the common pathogens between humans and animals that can cause a wide range of diseases in humans, including diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The main reservoir of these pathogenic strains are ruminants, especially cows, and raw milk is one of the main sources of infection. Currently, the resistance of these bacteria to common antibiotics, especially third-generation cephalosporin, is increasing due to the production of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme, and subsequently, it has caused many treatment problems in the world. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of VTEC and their antibiotic resistance genes in raw milk of sheep and goat herds in Kermanshah province. Methods: A total of 118 sheep and goat raw milk samples were collected. After DNA extraction, the samples were subjected to PCR reaction to identify UsPA, uidA, Stx1 and Stx2 genes. Samples containing uidA and UsPA genes are E. coli positive samples and samples containing Stx1 and/or Stx2 genes in addition to the two mentioned genes are considered to contain VTEC and in order to identify the antibiotic resistance genes belaTEM, belaSHV and belaCTX M by PCR. Were examined. Results: In the results of this study, a total of 32 samples out of 118 milk samples (27.1%) contained uidA and UsPA genes and were considered as E.coli. All 32 E.coli positive samples also contained the Stx1 gene and were considered VTEC. No cases of Stx2 gene were found. The prevalence of belaSHV and belaCTX M antibiotic resistance genes among the positive E.coli samples was 90.6% and 56.2%, respectively. No samples containing the belaTEM gene were found. Conclusion: The prevalence of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the present study was 27.1%. According to the findings of the present study, the prevalence of VTEC strain in raw milk, which is one of the important sources of food in our country and other regions, is high, which raises many concerns about the transmission of this bacterium and its associated diseases in humans. On the other hand, the amount of antibiotic resistance of these microorganisms is increasing, which is also one of the most serious problems in the field of public health all over the world. These results indicate the need to examine raw milk and its products in the country and to strictly control this food source in terms of hygiene and non-contamination of samples. Key words: Escherichia coli, virulence genes, resistance genes