Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal malignancies worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, including high toxicity and drug resistance, necessitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their biocompatibility and favorable biological properties. This study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract and evaluate their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using hydroalcoholic nettle extract. Characterization was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The biological effects on A549 cells were assessed using MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, and caspase-3 activity evaluation. Results: Characterization analyses confirmed the successful formation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles with predominantly spherical morphology. The nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, significantly reducing A549 cell viability. However, no significant change was observed in caspase-3 activity, while increased ROS generation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential indicated activation of apoptosis pathways. Morphological and nuclear alterations consistent with apoptosis were also observed. Conclusion: Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract effectively induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These findings highlight their potential as promising candidates for the development of novel anticancer therapies. Keywords: Iron oxide nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Urtica dioica, Lung cancer, A549, Oxidative stress, Apoptosis   

كارايي ضعيف توليد مثلي در گاوهاي شيري همچنان يك نگراني عمده براي صنعت دام شيري در سراسر جهان است. در چند دهه‌ي اخير، انتخاب ژنتيكي براي توليد شير با كاهش كارايي توليد مثلي همراه بوده است. تلاش‌هاي تحقيقي زيادي به منظور ابداع فناوري‌هايي جهت القاءِ تخمك‌گذاري همزمان براي تلقيح در زمان معين (TAI) در گاوهاي گوشتي و شيري انجام شده است. پروتكل Ovsynch، كه شامل دو تجويز هورمون آزادكننده­ي گنادوتروپين (GnRH) به فاصله­ي 9 روز، تجويز پروستاگلاندين F2? (PGF2?) هفت روز پس از GnRH اول، و انجام تلقيح 18-16 ساعت پس از تجويز GnRH دوم (GnRH2) است، برنامه­هاي توليد مثلي را مؤثرتر ساخته است. با اين حال، نرخ ضعيف تخمك­گذاري در پاسخ به GnRH2 ممكن است منجر به نرخ­هاي آبستني پايين شود. پژوهش­هاي زيادي جهت بهبود نرخ تخمك­گذاري با جايگزين كردن GnRH2 از جمله با گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني (hCG) كه مؤثرتر از GnRH در تحريك تخمك‌گذاري در گاوهاي شيري است انجام شده است. با اين حال گزارش شده است كه اين جايگزيني نرخ‌هاي تخمك‌گذاري و آبستني را افزايش نداد، بنابراين hCG يك جايگزين مناسب براي GnRH2 نيست. ما فرض كرديم كه درصد گاوهايي كه در پاسخ به GnRH2 تخمك­گذاري مي­كنند با تجويز همزمان hCG افزايش مي­يابد. بنابراين در مطالعه­ي حاضر اثر تجويز همزمان hCG و GnRH2 در مقايسه با تجويز جداگانه­ي هر يك از آنها بر عملكرد توليد مثلي گاوهاي هلشتاين شيرده مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. در اين مطالعه 62 رأس گاو بين زايش­هاي دوم و پنجم كه در روزهاي 5 ± 50 پس از زايش خود بودند به­طور تصادفي به سه گروه GPG (Ovsynch)، GPH (مانند گروه GPG ولي تجويز hCG به­جاي GnRH2) و GPG-H (مانند گروه GPG ولي تجويز hCG همزمان با GnRH2) تقسيم و 18-16 ساعت بعد از آخرين تزريق تلقيح (TAI) شدند. دام­ها در روزهاي 1- (TAI = D 0) و 7 جهت تعيين نرخ تخمك­گذاري و در روزهاي 30 و 55 جهت تعيين نرخ­هاي گيرايي و آبستني به روش سونوگرافي معاينه شدند. نمونه­هاي خون از وريد وداج دام­ها در روزهاي صفر و 12 جهت سنجش غلظت­هاي پروژسترون خون اخذ گرديد.

  ikooo, [22.04.25 10:31] Intestinal malignancy presents a worldwide health concern. 1 A significant hurdle in therapeutic intervention involves neoplastic resistance to pharmacological agents, a phenomenon often linked to imbalances within the redox regulatory framework. Zinc oxide nanostructures have demonstrated antineoplastic properties by perturbing this equilibrium. Biocompatible fabrication techniques have positioned ZnO    as a potentially advantageous strategy. The current investigation explores the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, generated via both conventional chemical routes and environmentally friendly biogenic pathways, on crucial markers of cellular oxidation and the antioxidant defense network in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. These markers encompass malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). The central objective is to contrast the impact of these nanostructures on the fluctuations of these indicators and to elucidate the contribution of these alterations to the initiation of programmed cell death within HT-29 cells. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced using a sustainable biogenic approach employing pomegranate fruit rind extract. The active phytochemical constituents of the plant-derived material were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulting nanostructures underwent comprehensive analysis utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurements, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 2 The findings substantiated the formation of nanostructures exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline arrangement, nanoscale dimensions, and both spherical and hexagonal shapes. 3 Biogenically fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated in parallel with chemically synthesized counterparts on HT-29 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results indicated that the biogenic nanoparticles displayed more pronounced cytotoxic effects, with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 80.28 ?g/mL. Quantification of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant molecules revealed an elevation in MDA levels coupled with a reduction in SOD and GSH concentrations in the group treated with the biogenic nanoparticles. Acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and 4?,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assays corroborated the induction of apoptosis in malignant cells exposed to the biogenic nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through an eco-friendly method utilizing pomegranate peel extract exhibit considerable promise in enhancing the treatment of colorectal cancer by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance within cancerous cells

برنامه¬ي آوسينك، شامل دو تجويز هورمون آزادكننده¬ي گنادوتروپين (GnRH) به فاصله-ي 9 روز و تجويز پروستاگلاندين F2? (PGF2?) هفت روز بعد از تجويز GnRH نخست (GnRH1) و انجام تلقيح (TAI) 16-18 ساعت پس از تجويز GnRH2، برنامه¬هاي توليد مثلي را مؤثرتر ساخته است. با اين حال، عدم تخمك¬گذاري در پاسخ به GnRH1 ممكن است منجر به نرخ¬هاي آبستني پايين بخاطر تخمك¬گذاري غير همزمان پس از تجويز GnRH2 شود. پژوهش¬ها نشان داده¬اند كه گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني (hCG) مؤثرتر از GnRH در تحريك تخمك‌گذاري در گاوهاي شيري است. با اين حال گزارش شده است كه آغاز كردن پروتكل Ovsynch با hCG نرخ‌هاي تخمك‌گذاري و آبستني را در گاوهاي شيري شيرده افزايش نداد. بنابراين، hCG يك جايگزين مناسب براي GnRH1 نيست. ما فرض كرديم كه درصد گاوهايي كه در پاسخ به GnRH1 تخمك¬گذاري مي-كنند با تجويز همزمان hCG افزايش مي¬يابد. بنابراين در اين مطالعه اثر تجويز همزمان hCG و GnRH1 در مقايسه با تجويز جداگانه¬ي هر يك از آنها بر عملكرد توليد مثلي گاوهاي هلشتاين شيرده مورد بررسي قرار مي¬گيرد. در اين مطالعه 60 رأس گاو بين زايش¬هاي دوم و پنجم كه در روزهاي 3 ± 50 پس از زايش قرار دارند به¬طور تصادفي در گروه¬هاي Ovsynch، hCG (مانند گروه Ovsynch ولي تجويز hCG به¬جاي GnRH1) و GnRH1 + hCG تقسيم و 18-16 ساعت بعد از آخرين تزريق مورد تلقيح قرار گرفتند. گاوها در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 1-، صفر و 1 (TAI = day 0) جهت تعيين نرخ تخمك¬گذاري و در روزهاي 2 ± 30 جهت تعيين نرخ آبستني به روش سونوگرافي معاينه شدند. همچنين جهت سنجش غلظت¬هاي پروژسترون، از وريد وداج همه¬ي دام¬ها نمونه¬هاي خون در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 0، و 12 مطالعه اخذ گرديد. نتايج مطالعه‌ي حاضر نشان داد كه تجويز hCG همراه با GnRH نخست برنامه¬ي آوسينك در گاوهاي شيري شيرده موجب افزايش معني¬دار نرخ¬هاي تخمك¬گذاري اول و دوم، ميانگين قطر فوليكول غالب موج جديد فوليكولي در روز 1- و نرخ آبستني در گاوهاي شيري شيرده نمي¬شود. يكي از محدوديت¬هاي مطالعه¬ي حاضر، تعداد پايين دام¬ها در گروه¬هاي مورد مطالعه بود. بنابراين مطالعات بيشتري با استفاده از تعداد بزرگتري از گاوها مي¬تواند نتايج دقيق¬تري را فراهم نمايد. لغات كليدي: آوسينك، تلقيح در زمان معين، گاو شيري، نرخ آبستني،   نرخ تخمك‌گذاري، هورمون گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني   

  androlone is one of the most abused anabolic androgenic drugs that are abused. Studies show a connection between nandrolone and learning and memory. The effect of nandrolone on learning and memory is complicated and the results are different. Nandrolone can affect learning and memory using different pathways, including genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Non-genomic steroid function involves the rapid induction of conventional second messenger signal transduction cascades. This process can increase intracellular calcium and activate protein kinases and phosphatases. Calcineurin is an intracellular signaling element that modulates learning and memory and the activation of calcineurin depends on calcium concentration. It is reported that steroids modulate calcineurin activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify nandrolone mechanism on spatial and passive avoidance memory and the role of calcineurin. In this study, 40 adult rats were devided into 4 groups including: control, nandrolone (5 mg/kg), nandrolone (15 mg/kg) and nandrolone (20 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of nandrolone injections, learning and memory will be evaluated using morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box. At the end of behavioral measurements, the hippocampus of the rats will be extracted to assess the protein expression and calcineurin activity in dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Data analysis will be done using   

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  ermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are mature stem cells that have the ability to self-renew, differentiate and transfer genetics to the next generation. Due to the importance of these cells, recent medical and biological studies have focused on the process of their isolation, purification, diagnosis, cultivation and maintenance. For long-term preservation of cell stocks, freezing is the method of choice. Although freezing makes it possible to preserve cell reserves, it causes oxidative stress in cells.Curcumin is the effective substance of the yellow juba plant, which prevents the production of free radicals and damage to cells with its antioxidant properties. In order to preserve the reserves of spermatogonial cells, it is necessary to improve the freezing environment. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of curcumin on the survival and quality of frozen testicular stem cells after thawing in order to improve the freezing environment in goats.

Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) as a mature stem cell have the ability of self-renewal, differentiationand genetic transfer to the next generation. For thisreason, the process of isolation, purification, diagnosis, cultivation andmaintenance of SSC has been the main subject of recent research in biology andmedicine. Freezing cells is a method of choice for long-term preservation ofcell reserves. But freezing induces oxidative damage to cells. Quercetin is aplant flavonoid and antioxidant that prevents the production of free radicalsand DNA damage. Considering the necessity of improving the freezing culture, inorder to preserve the spermatogonial cells, our goal is to investigate theeffect of quercetin on the survival and quality of the frozen testicular stemcells after thawing in order to improve the freezing environment in goats. Inthis test, 10 grams of testicular tissue collected in DMEM culture medium willbe divided into small pieces, after enzymatic digestion and centrifugation, thecell suspension will be passed through a nylon filter. Then they are incubatedin DMEM medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum for 72 hours at 38°C and afterseparating the suspended spermatogonial cells, the percentage of cell viabilityis evaluated. To freeze SSCs, basic freezingmedium with quercetin (5, 25 and 50 ?M) is used and the cells are frozen at 4°Cfor 2 hours and then at -80°C for 24 hours and finally are transferred to anitrogen tank. After melting, the percentage of survival rate in theexperimental groups is evaluated.  

improvement and conservation of small ruminant species of interest.  

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administering GnRH or hCG at artificial insemination on the ovulation and pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows synchronized with the Ovsynch protocol together with progesterone. Forty sevenreproductively normal multiparous lactating dairy cows (parity 2 to 5) and 55 ± 1 days in milk received a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) device intravaginally and 25 ?g GnRH (Alarelin acetate) intramuscularly (i.m.) at day 0. At day 7, The CIDR removed and all cows were immediately administered 500 ?g PGF2? (d-cloprostenol sodium) i.m. At day 9, all animals were administered another dose of GnRH i.m. and inseminated (TAI) with fozen-thawed semen 16-18 h later. Then the animals allocated randomly to the following groups: 1) hCG1650 (n=12): the animals received 1650 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) i.m. at TAI. 2) hCG3300 (n=12): the animals received 3300 IU hCG i.m. at TAI. 3) GnRH (n=11): the animals received 25 GnRH i.m. at TAI, and 4) CON(n=12): the animals received 5 mL sterile normal saline i.m. The ovaries of all animals scanned by ultrasound at days 9, 10 and 11 after the beginning of the protocol (day 0) to identify and record follicle(s) ?8 mm in diameter and the occurence of ovulation. Ovulation was defined as the disappearance (from one scanning session to the next) of a previously identified follicle ?8 mm in diameter. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasonography at 30 ± 1 and 60 ± 1 d post-TAI to determine conception and pregnancy rates, respectively. In order to assay serum progesterone concentrations, blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of all animals into 8-mL evacuated collection tubes without anticoagulant materials at days 0, 6 and 12 after TAI, and tra  orted to the laboratory. The results demonstrated no significant difference in the mean progesterone concentrations at days 0, 6 and 12 after TAI, and also in ovulation, conception and pregnancy rates to the first insemination among the groups, although administration of gonadotropins resulted in numerical improvement of conception and pregnancy rates by 16.7-41% compared to saline. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that administering GnRH or hCG, regardless of being low or high dose, at TAI resuled in a non-significant and acceptable improvement of conception and preg  

5-Fluorouracil is one of the most conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with colon cancer over the past several years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and TRPC6 gene expression in rat erythrocytes after administration of 5-fluorouracil in order to find a suitable method to reduce the harmful effects of this drug on blood factors. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 210g were divided into four groups of Low, Medium, High and control doses. In the treatment groups with 5-FU drug respectively, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, and in the control group, the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily to each rat. Clinical signs were evaluated during the study. At the end of the 5-day period, all rats were weighed and blood samples were taken from the heart and then, serum and RBC were transferred to the laboratory for evaluation of hematologic parameters, oxidative stress indices and gene expression. Statistical analysis of data was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 9. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the significant differences between the groups and the level of significance of differences (P<0.05) was considered. The results of this study showed that there is significant weight loss in both high and medium dose groups. Hematocrit and RBC levels were significantly reduced compared to the control group except for the low dose group. Leukocyte counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Changes in hemoglobin level were meaningless, but in all treatment groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Total Oxidative Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) except for the oxidative index in medium dose group in serum, were significantly higher than the control group   and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) decreased significantly in all groups except the medium dose group in serum. The levels of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in RBC in all treatment groups were significantly reduced. The amount of Nitric Oxide (NO) enzyme increased significantly in medium dose of serum sample and also significantly increase in both low and high doses in RBC sample. Also, in the study of TRPC6 gene expression, the expression of this gene significantly increased in high and medium doses of 5-FU. Therefore, it can be concluded that administration of 5-FU drug in the treatment of cancer can cause oxidative stress in red blood cells and this oxidative stress increases the expression of TRPC6 gene in the membrane of erythrocytes and then causes apoptosis in them. Thus, it is recommended that physicians and veterinarians to be carefull in prescribing it to patients with blood problems and anemia.